A blade has an attachment root and an airfoil, the airfoil having a proximal end and a distal end. The blade has a compositional variation along the airfoil.

An example mold assembly for fabricating an infiltrated downhole tool includes a mold forming a bottom of the mold assembly, and a funnel operatively coupled to the mold and having an inner wall, an outer wall, and a cavity defined between the inner and outer walls. An infiltration chamber is defined at least partially by the mold and the funnel. The inner wall faces the infiltration chamber and the outer wall forms at least a portion of an outer periphery of the mold assembly.

The method comprises at least the following steps: exposing a substrate to focused laser irradiation at a preselected series of locations that trace a subset of the substrate volume that is connected to the surface of the substrate; some subsets of substrate volume not connected to the surface of the substrate may also be exposed at the same time for other purposes, for instance, so that they can be used as waveguides or other optical elements or for another subsequent etching step; removing the substrate material from the exposed preselected series of locations to create within the substrate at least one cavity that is connected to the surface of the substrate; immersing the cavity-containing substrate in an appropriate atmosphere such as a selected gas or vacuum and, within this atmosphere, contacting the substrate surface with the molten castable material surface at locations where the cavity or cavities emerges from the substrate; applying pressure to the castable material to cause it to infiltrate the substrate cavities; and solidifying the castable material within the cavities.

A method of casting a metal alloy ingot, including the following steps: providing a one side open-ended mould including a plurality of sides and a bottom plate defining a mould cavity with a mould opening, the open-ended mould being pivotable around a horizontal rotational axis between a position so that the mould opening points upwards and a position so that the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; positioning the open-ended mould such that the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; providing a casting container with an upwardly positioned aperture; filling the casting container with molten metal for one casting operation; coupling the casting container to the open-ended mould so that the casting container is located below the mould while the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; rotating the open-ended mould together with the casting container around the horizontal rotational axis for approximately 90 to 180 from a position whereby the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards to a position whereby the mould opening points upwards such that the molten metal is conveyed through the mould opening into the open-ended mould until reaching a desired thickness, whereby the molten metal in the open-ended mould is cooled directionally through its thickness where the solidification front remains substantially monoaxial.

An example cooling system for a mold assembly includes a quench plate that defines one or more discharge ports and one or more recuperation ports. A fluid is circulated from the one or more discharge ports to the one or more recuperation ports to cool the mold assembly. A blocking ring is positioned on the quench plate and defines a central aperture for receiving a bottom of the mold assembly. An insulation enclosure having an interior for receiving the mold assembly is positioned on the blocking ring. The blocking ring prevents vapor generated by the fluid contacting the bottom of the mold assembly from migrating into the interior of the insulation enclosure.

System, methods for improving grain growth in a cast melt of a superalloy are provided. The system includes at least a mold having a shape defining a part of a turbo machine, e.g., a turbine blade. A cast melt, e.g., a superalloy, is poured into the mold, and one or more heating/cooling elements are arranged in the cast melt. The system further includes a controller operatively connected to the elements for controlling the electrical current of, e.g., a heating wire of the heating element, or controlling the flow-rate for, e.g., a coolant of the cooling element. By controlling, i.e., adjusting the current and/or flow-rate, via the controller, a temperature gradient may be induced to improve grain growth.

A method for manufacturing a turbine blade 1, is provided. The method comprises the following steps: producing a shell and core assembly by additive manufacturing process, the shell and core assembly defining at least one internal cavity and having an internal structure corresponding to at least one internal cooling circuit of the turbine blade; pouring molten metal in the internal cavity of the shell and core assembly; solidifying the metal; removing the shell and core assembly.

Methods for casting high strength, high ductility lightweight metal components are provided. The casting may be die-casting. A molten lightweight metal alloy is introduced into a cavity of a mold. The molten lightweight metal alloy is solidified and then a solid component is removed from the mold. The solid component is designed to have a thin wall. For example, the solid component has at least one dimension of less than or equal to about 2 mm. In this way, a chill zone microstructure is formed that extends across the at least one dimension of the solid lightweight metal alloy component. The solid component thus may be substantially free of dendritic microstructure formation, enabling more extensive alloy chemistries than previously possible during casting. Such methods may be used to form high strength, high ductility, and lightweight metal alloy vehicle components.

A casting shell has: a part cavity shaped for casting the part; a starter/selector cavity below and connected to the part cavity; a connector cavity between the starter/selector cavity and the part cavity; and a support cavity. The support cavity has: a post section; a first linking section linking the post section to the starter section of the starter/selector cavity; and a second linking section linking the post section to the connector cavity, the second linking section having a portion descending from the post section toward the connector cavity.

An example system for fabricating an infiltrated downhole tool includes a mold assembly having one or more component parts and defining an infiltration chamber to receive and contain matrix reinforcement materials and a binder material used to form the infiltrated downhole tool. One or more thermal conduits are positioned within the one or more component parts for circulating a thermal fluid through at least one of the one or more component parts and thereby placing the thermal fluid in thermal communication with the infiltration chamber.