There is described a bone graft substitute which combines substantially the high mechanical stability of spherical porous granules without the limitation of reduced intergranular space. The structure inside the granules has a high porosity whilst maintaining high stability, so that the granules can be pushed into a defect without risking significant breakage of the granules and, at the same time, the bone cells can grow into the space between the granules. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the surface of the granules comprises indentations, when viewed from the exterior of the granules. An indentation increases the porosity within the implanted mass significantly and thus provides more space between the granules for tissue ingrowth. Due to the indentations on the granules, the granules have an irregular shape and thus an increase in the intergranular space is achieved, while mechanical stability is maintained.

The present invention utilizes 3D printing technology, specifically fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing, to produce solid dosage forms, such as pharmaceutical tablets. The production process utilizes novel printing filaments, typically on a spool, which contain the active ingredient. Such active-containing filaments have proved to be extremely robust and the principles outlined in the present disclosure provide access to a variety of viable formulations directly from a 3D printer. This, for the first time, affords a viable means for the in situ (e.g. within a pharmacy) 3D printing of personalized medicines tailored to a patient's needs. The invention also relates to purpose-built software for operating the printing apparatus, as well as local, national and global systems for monitoring the real time operation of a plurality of printing apparati to enable facile detection of malfunctions, thereby making regulatory approval viable and facilitating regulatory compliance.

The present invention utilizes 3D printing technology, specifically fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing, to produce solid dosage forms, such as pharmaceutical tablets. The production process utilizes novel printing filaments, typically on a spool, which contain the active ingredient. Such active-containing filaments have proved to be extremely robust and the principles outlined in the present disclosure provide access to a variety of viable formulations directly from a 3D printer. This, for the first time, affords a viable means for the in situ (e.g. within a pharmacy) 3D printing of personalized medicines tailored to a patient's needs. The invention also relates to purpose-built software for operating the printing apparatus, as well as local, national and global systems for monitoring the real time operation of a plurality of printing apparati to enable facile detection of malfunctions, thereby making regulatory approval viable and facilitating regulatory compliance.

Provided is a method for easily and efficiently producing encapsulated substance vesicles wherein a substance is encapsulated in the cavity of vesicles obtained by polymer self-assembly. Empty vesicles that have membranes comprising a first polymer that is a block copolymer with uncharged hydrophilic segments and a first kind of charged segments and a second polymer with a second kind of charged segments that carry a charge that is the opposite of said first kind of charged segments as well as spaces that are enclosed by said membranes are mixed in an aqueous medium with the substance that is to be encapsulated in the spaces.

Provided is a cellulose composition, including a plurality of biocelluloses, wherein a diameter of the biocelluloses ranges from 20 to 30 nanometer, and a length of the biocelluloses ranges from 2000 to 3000 nanometer. The biocelluloses have good biocompatibility and can effectively enhance the efficiency of absorption and transmission of substances.

Described herein are medical devices and medical implements with high lubricity to flesh (or biological fluid) and/or inhibited nucleation on its surface. The device has a surface comprising an impregnating liquid and a plurality of micro-scale and/or nano-scale solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween. The impregnating liquid fills spaces between said solid features, the surface stably contains the impregnating liquid between the solid features, and the impregnating liquid is substantially held in place between the plurality of solid features regardless of orientation of the surface.

The present invention utilises 3D printing technology, specifically fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing, to produce solid dosage forms, such as pharmaceutical tablets. The production process utilises novel printing filaments, typically on a spool, which contain the active ingredient. Such active-containing filaments have proved to be extremely robust and the principles outlined in the present disclosure provide access to a variety of viable formulations directly from a 3D printer. This, for the first time, affords a viable means for the in situ (e.g. within a pharmacy) 3D printing of personalised medicines tailored to a patient's needs. The invention also relates to purpose-built software for operating the printing apparatus, as well as local, national and global systems for monitoring the real time operation of a plurality of printing apparatuses to enable facile detection of malfunctions, thereby making regulatory approval viable and facilitating regulatory compliance.

The present invention provides compositions for extended release of an active ingredient, comprising a lipid-saturated matrix formed from a biodegradable polymer. The present invention also provides methods of producing the matrix compositions and methods for using the matrix compositions to provide controlled release of an active ingredient in the body of a subject in need thereof.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a multicomponent and biocompatible nanocomposite material, including a graphene structure formed with a plurality of graphene layers; and gold/hydroxyapatite (Au/HA) nanoparticles distributed within the graphene structure; where the nanocomposite material is formed by heating an Au/HA catalyst thin film with a carbon source gas to perform radio frequency chemical vapor deposition (RF-CVD).

The present invention provides a gas-containing base material that can contain and retain a functional gas with a high concentration and a method of producing the same. A method of producing a gas-containing base material including a functional-gas-containing composition includes the following processes.

Process (1):

In this process, a functional gas is supplied to a raw material composition having a gelation temperature in a range of 0.5 C. or higher and 65 C. or lower at which a liquid form is able to be changed to a solid form by cooling while the temperature is maintained at a degree at which the raw material composition is in a liquid form, and the amount of the functional gas which exceeds a saturated solubility when the raw material composition is in a liquid form is uniformly dispersed as fine bubbles

Process (2):

In this process, the liquid raw material composition in which fine bubbles of the obtained functional gas are dispersed is transferred into a filling container and the filling container is filled and sealed.

Process (3):

In this process, the liquid raw material composition in which the obtained fine functional gas bubbles in the sealed filling container are dispersed is cooled at a temperature equal to or lower than the gelation temperature of the raw material composition and solidified.