A samarium-iron-nitrogen based magnet, wherein a samarium oxide phase is formed on at least a part of a surface of a crystal grain, and wherein an atomic ratio of calcium to a total amount of iron group elements, rare earth elements, and calcium is 0.4% or less.

An ABs-type hydrogen storage alloy is provided that has a low Co amount and uses Mm composed of La and Ce, which is capable of preventing a decrease in lifetime characteristics. The hydrogen storage alloy has an ABx composition constituted with an A-site composed of an Mm and a B-site composed of Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, or Ni, Mn, and Al, wherein Mm is composed of La and Ce; the molar ratio of Co is 0.0 or more and 0.11 or less when the molar ratio of Mm is 1.00; the ratio (Al/Mn) of the molar ratio of Al to the molar ratio of Mn is 0.35 to 1.10; and the ratio of the c-axis length to the a-axis length in the CaCu.sub.5-type crystal structure is 0.8092 or more.

A graphene modifying method of metal having following steps of providing metal powders, graphene powders and a binder, the metal powder has metal particles, and the graphene powder has graphene micro pieces, each graphene micro piece is formed by 6-atom unit cells connected with each other, each 6-atom unit cell is connected to a stearic acid functional group by a sp3 bond; mixing the metal powder, the graphene powder, and the binder to generate heat by a friction, each sp3 bond connected with the stearic acid functional group is thereby heated and broken, each 6-atom unit cell is connected with other 6-atom unit cells via the broken sp3 bond, and the metal particles are thereby wrapped by the 6-atom unit cells; and sintering the metal particles into a metal body to transform the plurality of graphene micro pieces into a three-dimensional mash embedded in the metal body.

A graphene modifying method of metal having following steps of providing metal powders, graphene powders and a binder, the metal powder has metal particles, and the graphene powder has graphene micro pieces, each graphene micro piece is formed by 6-atom unit cells connected with each other, each 6-atom unit cell is connected to a stearic acid functional group by a sp3 bond; mixing the metal powder, the graphene powder, and the binder to generate heat by a friction, each sp3 bond connected with the stearic acid functional group is thereby heated and broken, each 6-atom unit cell is connected with other 6-atom unit cells via the broken sp3 bond, and the metal particles are thereby wrapped by the 6-atom unit cells; and sintering the metal particles into a metal body to transform the plurality of graphene micro pieces into a three-dimensional mash embedded in the metal body.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for preparing high optical density solutions of nanoparticle, such as nanoplates, silver nanoplates or silver platelet nanoparticles, and to the solutions and substrates prepared by the methods. The process can include the addition of stabilizing agents (e.g., chemical or biological agents bound or otherwise linked to the nanoparticle surface) that stabilize the nanoparticle before, during, and/or after concentration, thereby allowing for the production of a stable, high optical density solution of silver nanoplates. The process can also include increasing the concentration of silver nanoplates within the solution, and thus increasing the solution optical density.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for preparing high optical density solutions of nanoparticle, such as nanoplates, silver nanoplates or silver platelet nanoparticles, and to the solutions and substrates prepared by the methods. The process can include the addition of stabilizing agents (e.g., chemical or biological agents bound or otherwise linked to the nanoparticle surface) that stabilize the nanoparticle before, during, and/or after concentration, thereby allowing for the production of a stable, high optical density solution of silver nanoplates. The process can also include increasing the concentration of silver nanoplates within the solution, and thus increasing the solution optical density.

An additive manufacturing powder particle including a surface and at least one functional group formed on the surface, wherein the at least one functional group increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle. The additive manufacturing particle is treated with plasma radiation to form hydroxyl functional groups on a surface of the additive manufacturing powder particle, where the hydroxyl functional groups have a molecular vibrational frequency corresponding to a laser wavenumber range of laser energy of an additive manufacturing process, and where the plasma radiation treating the additive manufacturing powder particles depends on the laser energy of the additive manufacturing process. Treating the additive manufacturing powder particle with the plasma radiation increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle when the additive manufacturing particle is exposed to the laser energy, produced by a carbon dioxide laser, of the additive manufacturing process.

An additive manufacturing powder particle including a surface and at least one functional group formed on the surface, wherein the at least one functional group increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle. The additive manufacturing particle is treated with plasma radiation to form hydroxyl functional groups on a surface of the additive manufacturing powder particle, where the hydroxyl functional groups have a molecular vibrational frequency corresponding to a laser wavenumber range of laser energy of an additive manufacturing process, and where the plasma radiation treating the additive manufacturing powder particles depends on the laser energy of the additive manufacturing process. Treating the additive manufacturing powder particle with the plasma radiation increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle when the additive manufacturing particle is exposed to the laser energy, produced by a carbon dioxide laser, of the additive manufacturing process.

An additive manufacturing powder particle including a surface and at least one functional group formed on the surface, wherein the at least one functional group increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle. The additive manufacturing particle is treated with plasma radiation to form hydroxyl functional groups on a surface of the additive manufacturing powder particle, where the hydroxyl functional groups have a molecular vibrational frequency corresponding to a laser wavenumber range of laser energy of an additive manufacturing process, and where the plasma radiation treating the additive manufacturing powder particles depends on the laser energy of the additive manufacturing process. Treating the additive manufacturing powder particle with the plasma radiation increases laser energy absorption of the additive manufacturing powder particle when the additive manufacturing particle is exposed to the laser energy, produced by a carbon dioxide laser, of the additive manufacturing process.

A method of producing a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, the method including performing a phosphate treatment including adding an inorganic acid to a slurry containing a raw material SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, a phosphate compound, and a rare earth compound so that the slurry is adjusted to have a pH of at least 1 and not higher than 4.5 to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder having a surface coated with a phosphate.