The object of the invention is a device intended for powder materials consolidation, provided with an operating chamber, press connected to high-current discharge electrodes top and bottom, with arranged therebetween the sintered powder subjected to the pressure exerted by the press. To the top and bottom electrode there is connected a capacitive circuit with a power supply unit, closed by a high-current switch being a transistor switch. The object of the invention is also a method of powder materials consolidation in the device according to the invention, wherein the powder material is subjected to simultaneous operation of pressure in the range of 1-200 MPa and consolidation by electric current pulses with intensity of 1-80 kA, repeated with frequency from the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz, generated by opening and closing the transistor switch.

The object of the invention is a device intended for powder materials consolidation, provided with an operating chamber, press connected to high-current discharge electrodes top and bottom, with arranged therebetween the sintered powder subjected to the pressure exerted by the press. To the top and bottom electrode there is connected a capacitive circuit with a power supply unit, closed by a high-current switch being a transistor switch. The object of the invention is also a method of powder materials consolidation in the device according to the invention, wherein the powder material is subjected to simultaneous operation of pressure in the range of 1-200 MPa and consolidation by electric current pulses with intensity of 1-80 kA, repeated with frequency from the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz, generated by opening and closing the transistor switch.

A method for composite additive manufacturing with dual-laser beams for laser melting and laser shock, includes the following steps: 1) performing cladding on metal powder through a first continuous laser beam by thermal effect, and performing synchronous shock forging on material in a cladding region through a second short-pulse laser beam by shock wave mechanical effect, so as to perform the composite additive manufacturing; and 2) stacking the material in the cladding region layer by layer to form a workpiece. The method has the characteristics that the two laser beams make full use of the thermal effect and the shock wave mechanical effect, and synchronously work in a coupled manner, so that defects such as pores, incomplete fusion and shrinkage in a cladding layer are eliminated, and the performance of the workpiece is obviously improved. The method is high in manufacturing efficiency.

A method for composite additive manufacturing with dual-laser beams for laser melting and laser shock, includes the following steps: 1) performing cladding on metal powder through a first continuous laser beam by thermal effect, and performing synchronous shock forging on material in a cladding region through a second short-pulse laser beam by shock wave mechanical effect, so as to perform the composite additive manufacturing; and 2) stacking the material in the cladding region layer by layer to form a workpiece. The method has the characteristics that the two laser beams make full use of the thermal effect and the shock wave mechanical effect, and synchronously work in a coupled manner, so that defects such as pores, incomplete fusion and shrinkage in a cladding layer are eliminated, and the performance of the workpiece is obviously improved. The method is high in manufacturing efficiency.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

A rare earth magnet is prepared by disposing a R.sup.1-T-B sintered body comprising a R.sup.1.sub.2T.sub.14B compound as a major phase in contact with an R.sup.2-M alloy powder and effecting heat treatment for causing R.sup.2 element to diffuse into the sintered body. The alloy powder is obtained by quenching a melt containing R.sup.2 and M. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are rare earth elements, T is Fe and/or Co, M is selected from B, C, P, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi.

A rare earth magnet is prepared by disposing a R.sup.1-T-B sintered body comprising a R.sup.1.sub.2T.sub.14B compound as a major phase in contact with an R.sup.2-M alloy powder and effecting heat treatment for causing R.sup.2 element to diffuse into the sintered body. The alloy powder is obtained by quenching a melt containing R.sup.2 and M. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are rare earth elements, T is Fe and/or Co, M is selected from B, C, P, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi.

A superalloy target wherein the superalloy target has a polycrystalline structure of random grain orientation, the average grain size in the structure is smaller than 20 ?m, and the porosity in the structure is smaller than 10%. Furthermore, the invention includes a method of producing a superalloy target by powder metallurgical production, wherein the powder-metallurgical production starts from alloyed powder (s) of a superalloy and includes the step of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the alloyed powder (s).

A superalloy target wherein the superalloy target has a polycrystalline structure of random grain orientation, the average grain size in the structure is smaller than 20 ?m, and the porosity in the structure is smaller than 10%. Furthermore, the invention includes a method of producing a superalloy target by powder metallurgical production, wherein the powder-metallurgical production starts from alloyed powder (s) of a superalloy and includes the step of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the alloyed powder (s).