An aluminum alloy having a composition including 0.1% by mass or more and 2.8% by mass or less of Fe; and 0.002% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of Nd.

To provide an R-T-B based permanent magnet in which the residual magnet flux density and the coercivity are improved. Provided is an R-T-B based permanent magnet including a rare-earth element R, and transition metal elements T and B. The R-T-B based permanent magnet includes at least Nd as R, the R-T-B based permanent magnet includes at least Fe among Fe and Co as T, the R-T-B based permanent magnet includes a plurality of main phase grains containing a crystal of R.sub.2T.sub.14B, and a two-grain boundary located between two main phase grains adjacent in an axis-of-easy-magnetization direction, the thickness of the two-grain boundary is 3 nm or less, and the two-grain boundary is crystalline, and is non-oriented.

To provide an R-T-B based permanent magnet in which the residual magnet flux density and the coercivity are improved. Provided is an R-T-B based permanent magnet including a rare-earth element R, and transition metal elements T and B. The R-T-B based permanent magnet includes at least Nd as R, the R-T-B based permanent magnet includes at least Fe among Fe and Co as T, the R-T-B based permanent magnet includes a plurality of main phase grains containing a crystal of R.sub.2T.sub.14B, and a two-grain boundary located between two main phase grains adjacent in an axis-of-easy-magnetization direction, the thickness of the two-grain boundary is 3 nm or less, and the two-grain boundary is crystalline, and is non-oriented.

Since the cross-sectional area of the plastic deforming portion of the extrusion die gradually decreases from the starting end portion toward the terminal end portion, the pressure applied to the molded body in hot deforming is not loosened, hence, the occurrence of cracks can be effectively suppressed.

A graphene-reinforced alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The method includes preparing a porous graphene colloid, smelting a first-part alloy, pouring it into the porous graphene colloid to be formed, subjecting the formed product to a hot extrusion, and pulverizing into a powder I; smelting a second-part alloy into an alloy melt II, adding a high-purity silicon powder therein, mixing by stirring, and atomizing to obtain a powder II; mixing the powder I and the powder II, to obtain a pretreated alloy powder; placing the pretreated alloy powder in a high-purity ark, transferring the high-purity ark to a high-temperature tubular furnace, subjecting the pretreated alloy powder to a redox treatment, and introducing methane and hydrogen to grow graphene, to obtain a coated alloy powder; subjecting the coated alloy powder to a pre-compressing molding and sintering, to obtain the graphene-reinforced alloy composite material.

A graphene-reinforced alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The method includes preparing a porous graphene colloid, smelting a first-part alloy, pouring it into the porous graphene colloid to be formed, subjecting the formed product to a hot extrusion, and pulverizing into a powder I; smelting a second-part alloy into an alloy melt II, adding a high-purity silicon powder therein, mixing by stirring, and atomizing to obtain a powder II; mixing the powder I and the powder II, to obtain a pretreated alloy powder; placing the pretreated alloy powder in a high-purity ark, transferring the high-purity ark to a high-temperature tubular furnace, subjecting the pretreated alloy powder to a redox treatment, and introducing methane and hydrogen to grow graphene, to obtain a coated alloy powder; subjecting the coated alloy powder to a pre-compressing molding and sintering, to obtain the graphene-reinforced alloy composite material.

A method for manufacturing a molding mold used in an injection molding apparatus includes: generating a first plasticized material by plasticizing a first shaping material containing an amorphous metal and a resin; and shaping a laminate that is a part of the molding mold by discharging the first plasticized material toward a stage to laminate a layer.

A method for manufacturing a molding mold used in an injection molding apparatus includes: generating a first plasticized material by plasticizing a first shaping material containing an amorphous metal and a resin; and shaping a laminate that is a part of the molding mold by discharging the first plasticized material toward a stage to laminate a layer.

A method for obtaining a lead-free or low lead content brass billet subjects a mixture of lead-free or low lead content brass chips and graphite powder to extrusion, either direct or inverted. The method obtains lead-free or low lead content brass billets.

A method for obtaining a lead-free or low lead content brass billet subjects a mixture of lead-free or low lead content brass chips and graphite powder to extrusion, either direct or inverted. The method obtains lead-free or low lead content brass billets.