A method for producing a valve seat ring via powder metallurgy may include compacting a powder mixture including 4% by weight to 16% by weight particles of cobalt to form the valve seat ring. The method may also include sintering the powder mixture after compacting the powder mixture. Before compacting the powder mixture, 80% of the particles of cobalt may have a particle diameter of approximately 4.4 μm to 17.5 μm.

A system (1) for washing a 3D-printed object (4). The system (1) has a washing device (2) and a workpiece (3) that includes the 3D-printed object (4). The washing device (2) has a container (7) that forms a process chamber (8) for receiving a liquid cleaning agent (9), and the container (7) has an inlet (10) into the process chamber (8). The workpiece (3) further has a support structure (6) that supports the 3D-printed object (4) and a base (5) supporting the support structure (6). The base (5), in a mating relationship with the inlet (10), forms a restraint preventing the workpiece (3) from passing through the inlet (10) in a situation in which the workpiece (3) is placed with the 3D-printed object (4) located within the process chamber (8).

The present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a surface nanotube array of a laser-melted stainless steel, including a step of an anodic oxidation treatment on the stainless steel, which includes performing the anodic oxidation treatment on the stainless steel by applying a voltage between the stainless steel as an anode and a graphite as a cathode in a solution formed by using sodium dihydrogen phosphate, perchloric acid, and ethylene glycol as a solute, and deionized water as a solvent.

The present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a surface nanotube array of a laser-melted stainless steel, including a step of an anodic oxidation treatment on the stainless steel, which includes performing the anodic oxidation treatment on the stainless steel by applying a voltage between the stainless steel as an anode and a graphite as a cathode in a solution formed by using sodium dihydrogen phosphate, perchloric acid, and ethylene glycol as a solute, and deionized water as a solvent.

A method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a metal powder bed is provided, comprising the steps of: distributing a first metal powder layer on a work table inside a build chamber, directing at least one high energy beam from at least one high energy beam source over the work table causing the first metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, distributing a second metal powder layer on the work table, directing at least one high energy beam over the work table causing the second metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, introducing a first supplementary gas into the build chamber, which first supplementary gas comprising hydrogen, is capable of reacting chemically with or being absorbed by a finished three-dimensional article, and releasing a predefined concentration of the gas which had reacted chemically with or being absorbed by the finished three dimensional article.

A method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a metal powder bed is provided, comprising the steps of: distributing a first metal powder layer on a work table inside a build chamber, directing at least one high energy beam from at least one high energy beam source over the work table causing the first metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, distributing a second metal powder layer on the work table, directing at least one high energy beam over the work table causing the second metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, introducing a first supplementary gas into the build chamber, which first supplementary gas comprising hydrogen, is capable of reacting chemically with or being absorbed by a finished three-dimensional article, and releasing a predefined concentration of the gas which had reacted chemically with or being absorbed by the finished three dimensional article.

A sintered R-T-B based magnet includes a main phase formed of an R.sub.2T.sub.14B compound and a grain boundary phase at grain boundaries of the main phase. The grain boundary phase contains an R-T-M compound (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ga, Cu, Zn, Al and Si) and an R-M compound. In any cross-section of the sintered R-T-B based magnet, a sum of an area ratio of the R-T-M compound and an area ratio of the R-M compound is not lower than 1.5% and not higher than 3.5%, the area ratio of the R-T-M compound is not lower than 0.4% and not higher than 2.5%, and the area ratio of the R-M compound is not lower than 0.4% and not higher than 2.5%.

In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, metallic build material layers are patterned to form an intermediate structure. During patterning, a binding agent is selectively applied to define: a build material support structure and a patterned intermediate part. Also during patterning, i) the binding agent and a separate agent including an etch sensitizer or ii) a combined agent including a binder and the etch sensitizer are selectively applied to define a patterned etchable connection between at least a portion of the build material support structure and at least a portion patterned intermediate part. The intermediate structure is heated.

In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, metallic build material layers are patterned to form an intermediate structure. During patterning, a binding agent is selectively applied to define: a build material support structure and a patterned intermediate part. Also during patterning, i) the binding agent and a separate agent including an etch sensitizer or ii) a combined agent including a binder and the etch sensitizer are selectively applied to define a patterned etchable connection between at least a portion of the build material support structure and at least a portion patterned intermediate part. The intermediate structure is heated.

A method for producing a porous member, whereby a member having smaller microgaps can be produced, and additionally, the outermost surface alone can be made porous and a porous layer can be formed on the surface while maintaining the characteristics of portions in which no porous layer is formed, is provided.