The invention relates to vertical or inclined electrodes of an electrolyzer for electrolytically producing aluminum from aluminum oxide. An electrode contains an electrode base and a surface coating based on refractory ceramics. According to a first variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a composite material containing between 5% and 90% by mass of refractory ceramics, and of at least one metal having a melting temperature exceeding 1000° C., which forms refractory intermetallic compounds upon interaction with aluminum, and/or containing at least one alloy of such a metal. According to a second variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a metal alloy, for example structural steel or another alloy, and the surface of the electrode base has applied thereto an intermediary layer consisting of a composite material having the composition described above.

A fuel cell may include a first fuel cell bipolar plate defining an air layer, a second fuel cell bipolar plate defining a hydrogen layer, and a coolant layer defined by the air layer and the hydrogen layer. A permeable support infill structure, composed of sintered thermally conductive powder particles, is arranged at the cooling layer to prevent flow blockage at the coolant layer, define a thermally conductive path between the air layer and the hydrogen layer, and facilitate coolant flow through the permeable support infill structure.

The present application relates to an asymmetry composite material and a method for preparing the same, which provides a composite material comprising a metal porous body (metal foam or the like) and a polymer component, and provides a method for preparing a composite material, wherein the polymer component is formed in an asymmetrical structure on both sides of the metal porous body (metal foam or the like), and a composite material prepared in such a manner.

A method includes providing a collection of particulate material and forming a first article therefrom. Forming the first article includes forming an outer shell with an outer surface that defines an outer periphery of the first article; forming a relief area of the first article that supports the outer shell, including forming a relief void in the relief area; and collecting a collection of the particulate material within the outer shell during formation of the first article. Moreover, the method includes encasing the first article with an outer member. The outer member defines an internal cavity with an internal surface that corresponds to the outer surface of the outer shell. The method further includes heating, which deforms the first article selectively at the relief void.

A method includes providing a collection of particulate material and forming a first article therefrom. Forming the first article includes forming an outer shell with an outer surface that defines an outer periphery of the first article; forming a relief area of the first article that supports the outer shell, including forming a relief void in the relief area; and collecting a collection of the particulate material within the outer shell during formation of the first article. Moreover, the method includes encasing the first article with an outer member. The outer member defines an internal cavity with an internal surface that corresponds to the outer surface of the outer shell. The method further includes heating, which deforms the first article selectively at the relief void.

A three-dimensionally shaped article production member is a member used in a three-dimensionally shaped article production apparatus for producing a three-dimensionally shaped article by stacking a layer formed using a composition containing particles. The member is placed on a stage and comes in contact with the layer, and has a portion provided with pores in a contact surface with the layer.

A bone implant includes a body having a porous structure and having a size and shape configured for fitting to a bone, preferably in a bone defect. The porous structure is comprised of regularly arranged elementary cells whose interior spaces form interconnected pores, the elementary cells are formed by basic elements arranged in layers, wherein the basic elements are shaped like tetrapods, the tetrapods in each layer being arranged in parallel orientation and being positioned in-layer rotated with respect to tetrapods of an adjacent layer. The layers with rotated and non-rotated tetrapods are alternatingly arranged. Thereby a porous structure can be achieved which features improved mechanical characteristics, leading to improved biocompatibility.

A hot-press sintering method to prepare a loop heat pipe evaporator includes: putting a shell of the evaporator into a mould, uniformly and compactly filling corresponding positions in the mould with material powders of an evaporation core, a heat insulation core and a transmission core, applying a pressure high enough to tightly fit the evaporation core and the transmission core to the shell at corresponding sintering temperatures of powder materials for the evaporation core and the transmission core, carrying out hot-press sintering for molding, carrying out cooling after metallurgically bonding the powder materials of the evaporation core and the transmission core, and carrying out demolding to obtain the loop heat pipe evaporator, wherein the mould is provided with corresponding structures shaped like steam channels on positions where the evaporation core is provided with the steam channels.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.