A device for synthesising core-shell nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis is provided. The device includes a reactor having a first chamber for the synthesis of the core, provided with an inlet for a core precursor, a second chamber for the synthesis of the shell, provided with an inlet for a shell precursor, and at least one communication channel between the two chambers to transmit the cores of the nanoparticles intended to be formed from the first chamber towards the second chamber. The device also includes an optical device to illuminate each of the two chambers, the device comprising at least one laser capable of emitting a laser beam intended to interact with the precursors to form the core and the shell. The device further includes at least a shell precursor inlet channel, one end of which is in the form of a distribution chamber surrounding the communication channel between the two chambers of the reactor, said distribution chamber being further provided, on its inner periphery, with at least one opening leading inside said communication channel.

A device for synthesising core-shell nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis is provided. The device includes a reactor having a first chamber for the synthesis of the core, provided with an inlet for a core precursor, a second chamber for the synthesis of the shell, provided with an inlet for a shell precursor, and at least one communication channel between the two chambers to transmit the cores of the nanoparticles intended to be formed from the first chamber towards the second chamber. The device also includes an optical device to illuminate each of the two chambers, the device comprising at least one laser capable of emitting a laser beam intended to interact with the precursors to form the core and the shell. The device further includes at least a shell precursor inlet channel, one end of which is in the form of a distribution chamber surrounding the communication channel between the two chambers of the reactor, said distribution chamber being further provided, on its inner periphery, with at least one opening leading inside said communication channel.

The present invention provides a sintered metal friction material that has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance even at high load and has a higher friction coefficient while maintaining a friction coefficient and wear resistance that are hard to decrease, and has a reduced content of copper of less than 5 mass %. There is provided a sintered metal friction material characterized in that the sintered metal friction material comprises a sintered material of a friction material composition, the friction material composition comprises matrix metals and a friction modifier, the matrix metals comprise following 20 to 40 mass % of iron powder, 20 to 40 mass % of nickel powder, 0.5 to 10 mass % of zinc powder, 0.5 to 5 mass, of tin powder, 0.5 to 4 mass % of copper powder and 0.5 to 5 mass % of sintering assist powder.

The present invention provides a sintered metal friction material that has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance even at high load and has a higher friction coefficient while maintaining a friction coefficient and wear resistance that are hard to decrease, and has a reduced content of copper of less than 5 mass %. There is provided a sintered metal friction material characterized in that the sintered metal friction material comprises a sintered material of a friction material composition, the friction material composition comprises matrix metals and a friction modifier, the matrix metals comprise following 20 to 40 mass % of iron powder, 20 to 40 mass % of nickel powder, 0.5 to 10 mass % of zinc powder, 0.5 to 5 mass, of tin powder, 0.5 to 4 mass % of copper powder and 0.5 to 5 mass % of sintering assist powder.

A physical and chemical method is provided for de-mixing (e.g. extracting, separating, purifying and/or enriching) the metal constituents of an alloy or mixed material into different droplet or solid particle products that are highly enriched in the respective phases of the metal. The method involves for instance but is not limited to, shearing, separating and segregating metallic droplets and particles in a carrier fluid to form other droplets or particles that are each separately highly enriched in one of some, if not of all, of the constituent phases of the alloy or mixed material.

A physical and chemical method is provided for de-mixing (e.g. extracting, separating, purifying and/or enriching) the metal constituents of an alloy or mixed material into different droplet or solid particle products that are highly enriched in the respective phases of the metal. The method involves for instance but is not limited to, shearing, separating and segregating metallic droplets and particles in a carrier fluid to form other droplets or particles that are each separately highly enriched in one of some, if not of all, of the constituent phases of the alloy or mixed material.

A method of making carbon sheets comprising nanosized metal particle. The method includes dissolving sodium chloride, a salt containing the metal, and glucose into water, maintaining weight ratio weight of sodium chloride to glucose in the range of 1-8, resulting in a homogeneous aqueous solution. The homogeneous aqueous solution is then dried to form a homogeneous powder which is then heated for a time period resulting in a composite comprising carbon sheets containing the sodium chloride and nanoparticles of the metal. The sodium chloride is removed resulting in carbon sheets containing nanoparticles of the metal. A carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles. An electrode comprising a carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles. An electrochemical storage cell containing an anode comprising a carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles.

A method of making carbon sheets comprising nanosized metal particle. The method includes dissolving sodium chloride, a salt containing the metal, and glucose into water, maintaining weight ratio weight of sodium chloride to glucose in the range of 1-8, resulting in a homogeneous aqueous solution. The homogeneous aqueous solution is then dried to form a homogeneous powder which is then heated for a time period resulting in a composite comprising carbon sheets containing the sodium chloride and nanoparticles of the metal. The sodium chloride is removed resulting in carbon sheets containing nanoparticles of the metal. A carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles. An electrode comprising a carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles. An electrochemical storage cell containing an anode comprising a carbon sheet with 2D morphology containing nanosized metal particles.

A novel ferromagnetic phase of manganese-bismuth alloy has an NiAs-type unit cell structure, similar to that of Low Temperature Phase manganese-bismuth, but with manganese atoms populating interstitial sites. The novel phase, termed β-MnBi, possesses maximum magnetic coercivity at unusually high temperature. A method for forming β-MnBi includes annealing MnBi nanoparticles, for example by hot compaction, at temperature lower than 175° C.

An apparatus and method for manufacturing solid particles based on inert gas evaporation. The method includes forming a continuous gaseous feed flow, and injecting the continuous gaseous feed flow through an inlet into a free-space region of a reactor chamber in the form of a feed jet flow, and forming at least one continuous jet flow of a cooling fluid and injecting the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid into the reaction chamber. The feed jet flow is made by passing the feed flow at a pressure above the reactor chamber pressure in the range from 0.01.Math.10.sup.5 to 20.Math.10.sup.5 Pa through an injection nozzle. The jet flow of cooling fluid is made by passing the cooling fluid through an injection nozzle which directs the jet flow of cooling fluid such that it intersects the feed jet flow with an intersection angle between 30 and 150°.