In an example, an apparatus includes an image processing system, a print engine, and a vision system. The image processing system generates electronic signals based on a model of an object to be fabricated using an additive manufacturing process. The print engine performs the additive manufacturing process in a plurality of passes based on the electronic signals. The vision system acquires a plurality of thermal images of the plurality of passes and assigns individual passes to individual images based on data acquired during a build of a calibration object by the additive manufacturing process. The print engine may further include a material coater to spread a powder coating material, a plurality of fluid ejection devices to eject a fusing agent, and an emitter to emit energy to fuse the fusing agent and the powder coating material into a layer of the object to be fabricated.

In an example, an apparatus includes an image processing system, a print engine, and a vision system. The image processing system generates electronic signals based on a model of an object to be fabricated using an additive manufacturing process. The print engine performs the additive manufacturing process in a plurality of passes based on the electronic signals. The vision system acquires a plurality of thermal images of the plurality of passes and assigns individual passes to individual images based on data acquired during a build of a calibration object by the additive manufacturing process. The print engine may further include a material coater to spread a powder coating material, a plurality of fluid ejection devices to eject a fusing agent, and an emitter to emit energy to fuse the fusing agent and the powder coating material into a layer of the object to be fabricated.

An additive manufacturing method wherein an object is manufactured by powder being applied layer-by-layer by an application device onto a base along a buildup surface and being bonded in regions to form a matrix. To provide an efficient additive powder bed method, a position of the base is checked by at least one measurement with a sensor device and the position of the base is automatically corrected at least in relation to the application device based on the at least one measurement.

Additive manufacturing systems, methods, and computer readable media may be configured to perform a calibration. Calibrating an additive manufacturing system may include comparing a digital representation of one or more calibration marks to a calibration-CAD model that includes one or more model calibration marks, and applying a calibration adjustment to one or more CAD models based at least in part on the comparison. The digital representation of the one or more calibration marks may have been obtained using a vision system, and the one or more calibration marks may have been printed on a calibration surface according to the calibration-CAD model using an additive manufacturing machine. The calibration adjustment may be configured to align the one or more CAD models with one or more coordinates of the additive manufacturing system.

Equipment for selectively depositing, by shockwave-induced spraying, at least one particle on a deposition surface of a receiver substrate. The equipment including at least one laser source that emits a laser beam, a substrate carrier to which the substrate is fastened, a shockwave-generating layer having a first surface oriented toward the laser beam and a second surface oriented toward the deposition surface of the substrate, an optical system for directing and focusing the laser beam toward a focal region of the first surface. The second surface including a plurality of cavities, each cavity housing at least one particle. The laser beam generates a plasma in the focal region on the first surface and a shockwave that propagates within the generating layer from the first surface to the second surface in order to spray at least one particle in the direction of the deposition surface of the substrate.

Equipment for selectively depositing, by shockwave-induced spraying, at least one particle on a deposition surface of a receiver substrate. The equipment including at least one laser source that emits a laser beam, a substrate carrier to which the substrate is fastened, a shockwave-generating layer having a first surface oriented toward the laser beam and a second surface oriented toward the deposition surface of the substrate, an optical system for directing and focusing the laser beam toward a focal region of the first surface. The second surface including a plurality of cavities, each cavity housing at least one particle. The laser beam generates a plasma in the focal region on the first surface and a shockwave that propagates within the generating layer from the first surface to the second surface in order to spray at least one particle in the direction of the deposition surface of the substrate.

According to an example, a method of processing a print job in an additive manufacturing system comprises: applying a geometrical calibration to the print job to obtain a calibrated job; determining a height of a set of print job powder layers to be formed to generate the objects based on the calibrated print job; determining a height of a set of warming powder layers to be formed prior to the set of print job powder layers; determining an ideal height of a set of annealing powder layers to be formed after to the set of print job powder layers; and determining if the combined height of the sets of layers exceeds the maximum available height.

According to an example, a method of processing a print job in an additive manufacturing system comprises: applying a geometrical calibration to the print job to obtain a calibrated job; determining a height of a set of print job powder layers to be formed to generate the objects based on the calibrated print job; determining a height of a set of warming powder layers to be formed prior to the set of print job powder layers; determining an ideal height of a set of annealing powder layers to be formed after to the set of print job powder layers; and determining if the combined height of the sets of layers exceeds the maximum available height.

A lamination molding apparatus includes a molding room, a chamber, a chamber window, a molding table, a molding table driving device, surrounding walls, an irradiation device, a measuring unit, and a controller. The measuring unit includes a first measuring device acquiring a measured value of a light intensity, and a second measuring device acquiring a value of a beam diameter, and measures laser beams outputted based on set values of light intensity during molding. The controller determines an abnormality has occurred when a slope of a linear function obtained from a relationship between the measured value of the light intensity and the value of the beam diameter at a predetermined height is out of a predetermined range, or when a slope of a linear function obtained from a relationship between the measured value of the light intensity and a value of a focal position is out of a predetermined range.

A lamination molding apparatus includes a molding room, a chamber, a chamber window, a molding table, a molding table driving device, surrounding walls, an irradiation device, a measuring unit, and a controller. The measuring unit includes a first measuring device acquiring a measured value of a light intensity, and a second measuring device acquiring a value of a beam diameter, and measures laser beams outputted based on set values of light intensity during molding. The controller determines an abnormality has occurred when a slope of a linear function obtained from a relationship between the measured value of the light intensity and the value of the beam diameter at a predetermined height is out of a predetermined range, or when a slope of a linear function obtained from a relationship between the measured value of the light intensity and a value of a focal position is out of a predetermined range.