The solvated metal particle-coating system includes a metal additive and a polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The metal additive is solvated in the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may include liquid ammonia, methylamine, and/or hexamethylphosphoramide. The metal additive may include an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The solvated metal additive within the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may be used to coat a metal particle and/or a metalloid particle as a layer. As the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent evaporates, the solvated metal additive is coupled to the metal particle and/or the metalloid particle.

A method for manufacturing a material layer includes a first step S101 of arranging first particles P1 in a pattern on a base material 11 and a second step S102 of arranging second particles in regions in which the first particles P1 are not arranged on the base material 11. The second step S102 includes a step of rubbing bearing materials S2 that carry the second particles P2 against the base material 11 on which the first particles P1 are arranged.

A method for manufacturing a material layer includes a first step S101 of arranging first particles P1 in a pattern on a base material 11 and a second step S102 of arranging second particles in regions in which the first particles P1 are not arranged on the base material 11. The second step S102 includes a step of rubbing bearing materials S2 that carry the second particles P2 against the base material 11 on which the first particles P1 are arranged.

The solvated metal particle-coating system includes a metal additive and a polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The metal additive is solvated in the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may include liquid ammonia, methylamine, and/or hexamethylphosphoramide. The metal additive may include an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The solvated metal additive within the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may be used to coat a metal particle and/or a metalloid particle as a layer. As the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent evaporates, the solvated metal additive is coupled to the metal particle and/or the metalloid particle.

The present application provides a system and method for discharging and processing of lithium ion batteries to extract one or more metals. The extracted metals are in a powder form that can be reused at second stage processing facilities. The extracted metal powder can include lithium and at least one of cobalt, nickel, manganese, and carbon.

Disclosed is a method to increase the surface area of lithium metal. The method includes at least four steps. The first step is melting bulk lithium metal. The second step is adding a particle stabilizing agent to the molten lithium. Alternatively, the particle stabilizing agent can be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the lithium metal and then the bulk lithium material is added to the heated particle stabilizing agent. The third step is agitating the mixture until the lithium particles that form are the desired size. The final step involves cooling the lithium particles to form stabilized lithium particles thereby increasing the surface area of the lithium metal.