Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm.sup.2. In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.

There is provided a chain apparatus made at least in part by additive manufacturing. The apparatus includes a pair of spaced-apart annular members. The apparatus includes an elongate member coupled to and extending between the annular members. At least one of the members comprises one or more self-draining internal chambers to allow for removal of residual material therefrom.

A method of additive manufacturing is provided. The method comprises first forming a part injecting a first gas into a build chamber and depositing a first layer of metal-containing powder over a build platform. The first layer of powder is melted a laser and then cooled. The above steps can be optionally repeated to build additional layers. A coating is formed on the surface of the part by injecting a second, different gas into the chamber over the surface of the part. A portion of the surface is selectively heated with a second laser device, thereby chemically altering the heated portion to form the coating. After forming the coating, an additional aliquot of the first gas is injected into the chamber while venting the second gas from the chamber.

A reactive matrix infiltration process is described herein, which includes contacting a surface of a preform comprising reinforcement material particles with a molten infiltrant comprising a matrix material, the matrix material comprising an AlCe alloy, whereby the infiltrant at least partially fills spaces between the reinforcement material particles by capillary action and reacts with the reinforcement material particles to form a composite material form, the composite material comprising the matrix material, at least one intermetallic phase, and, optionally, reinforcement material particles. A composite material form also is described, which includes a plurality of reinforcement material particles comprising a metal alloy or a ceramic, a matrix material at least partially filling spaces between the reinforcement material particles; and at least one intermetallic phase surrounding at least some of the reinforcement material particles. The reinforcement material particles and intermetallic phase together may form a gradient core-shell structure.

A method to form a metal matrix composite reinforced with eggshell (ES). The method includes preparing an ES powder, blending and milling the ES powder with at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), zirconium (Zr) to form a powder mixture, compacting and sintering the powder mixture to form the metal matrix composite. In addition, a MgZr-ES metal matrix composite with improved corrosion resistance, having an amount of magnesium from 95 to 97 wt. %, an amount of zirconium from 1 to 2 wt. %, and an amount of ES from 1 to 4 wt. %, may be used for biomedical applications.

A band link according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a base layer formed of a first metallic material and the base layer being with a hole portion in which a coupling member is disposed; and a cover layer formed of a second metallic material that is different from the first metallic material, the cover layer being stacked on one side of the base layer, the base layer and the cover layer being formed as one piece.

A multi-material structure includes a refractory portion with a metal or metal alloy of at least one of niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), iridium (Ir), vanadium (V), and ruthenium (Ru). A structural portion is metallurgically joined with the refractory portion. The structural portion includes a titanium (Ti) alloy. At least one of the refractory and structural portions is additively manufactured.

Some variations provide a system for producing a functionalized powder, comprising: an agitated pressure vessel; first particles and second particles contained within the agitated pressure vessel; a fluid contained within the agitated pressure vessel; an exhaust line for releasing the fluid from the agitated pressure vessel; and a means for recovering a functionalized powder containing the second particles disposed onto surfaces of the first particles. A preferred fluid is carbon dioxide in liquefied or supercritical form. The carbon dioxide may be initially loaded into the pressure vessel as solid carbon dioxide. The pressure vessel may be batch or continuous and is operated under reaction conditions to functionalize the first particles with the second particles, thereby producing a functionalized powder, such as nanofunctionalized metal particles in which nanoparticles act as grain refiners for a component ultimately produced from the nanofunctionalized metal particles. Methods for making the functionalized powder are also disclosed.

An electrode for the use of an advanced lithium battery is fabricated using three-dimensionally structured metal foam coated with an active material. The metal foam is porous metal foam that can be used as an anode current collector of a lithium-ion battery and is coated with an anode active material, such as tin, through a sonication-assisted electroless plating method. Additionally, the coated metal foam is heat-treated at an appropriate temperature in order to improve the integrity of the coating layer and hence, the cyclic performance of the lithium-ion battery.

A preparation method of high purity and densified tungsten-titanium metal which mixes titanium metal powder and tungsten metal powder together; adds metallic nitrates (such as nickel nitrate) as combustion improvers; then taking into the account of the characteristics of metal nitrate, which is soluble in alcohols to form a liquidous precursor, adds metal powder to mix together thoroughly, so that the sintering agent is expected to be colloid and uniformly spread among the tungsten-titanium metal powder. The preparation method significantly reduces the ratio of the combustion improver during the preparation of the high purity and densified tungsten-titanium target material.