A miniaturized turbogenerator (200) to directly provide electrical propulsion (307 308, 309) to small land, air, and maritime vehicles without an intervening electricity storage battery (315). The invention comprises of a process of miniaturization (500) of a turbine engine core (100), in particular its compressors and turbines (400), by means of hyper-feed machining by linear force alone, i.e. without rotation of either the workpiece or the cutting tool (505), and a resulting apparatus of a miniaturized turbogenerator (200) that has sufficient power density to provide high-performance electrical propulsion (310) for commercially feasible automobiles, urban air mobility vehicles, and other small vehicles and vessels with greater performance than battery-electric vehicles (300).

A miniaturized turbogenerator (200) to directly provide electrical propulsion (307 308, 309) to small land, air, and maritime vehicles without an intervening electricity storage battery (315). The invention comprises of a process of miniaturization (500) of a turbine engine core (100), in particular its compressors and turbines (400), by means of hyper-feed machining by linear force alone, i.e. without rotation of either the workpiece or the cutting tool (505), and a resulting apparatus of a miniaturized turbogenerator (200) that has sufficient power density to provide high-performance electrical propulsion (310) for commercially feasible automobiles, urban air mobility vehicles, and other small vehicles and vessels with greater performance than battery-electric vehicles (300).

A tool for machining a groove of a rotation-symmetric component, preferably a piston of an internal combustion engine, is provided. The machining is carried out by a rotation of the tool around an axis of symmetry of the rotation-symmetric component to be machined. The tool includes at least one arm disposed in such a way that a circumference of the rotation-symmetric component can at least be partially enclosed. Also, a machining device for machining of the groove is provided on the at least one arm. At least one adjusting device is provided. With the help of the at least one adjusting device, a contact force on the rotation-symmetric component of the at least one machining device can be selected. Further, the tool includes an adjusting device with which the tool can be adapted to different diameters of a rotation-symmetric component.

A tool for machining a groove of a rotation-symmetric component, preferably a piston of an internal combustion engine, is provided. The machining is carried out by a rotation of the tool around an axis of symmetry of the rotation-symmetric component to be machined. The tool includes at least one arm disposed in such a way that a circumference of the rotation-symmetric component can at least be partially enclosed. Also, a machining device for machining of the groove is provided on the at least one arm. At least one adjusting device is provided. With the help of the at least one adjusting device, a contact force on the rotation-symmetric component of the at least one machining device can be selected. Further, the tool includes an adjusting device with which the tool can be adapted to different diameters of a rotation-symmetric component.

A rotation tool is mounted to a spindle of a machine tool. The rotation tool comprises a cutter holding portion to which blade portion is fixed and a fixing device which fixes a workpiece. The blade portion is disposed at a tip end of the cutter holding portion. The fixing device includes a movement portion formed to be movable in the interior of the cutter holding portion and a pressing device which presses the movement portion to a side toward the workpiece. The fixing device includes a shaft portion rotatably supported relative to the movement portion and a pressing portion which presses the workpiece.

A rotation tool is mounted to a spindle of a machine tool. The rotation tool comprises a cutter holding portion to which blade portion is fixed and a fixing device which fixes a workpiece. The blade portion is disposed at a tip end of the cutter holding portion. The fixing device includes a movement portion formed to be movable in the interior of the cutter holding portion and a pressing device which presses the movement portion to a side toward the workpiece. The fixing device includes a shaft portion rotatably supported relative to the movement portion and a pressing portion which presses the workpiece.

A coupling is described for connecting an interchangeable tool head to a machine part of a pressing device. The machine part features a receptacle region (A) for accommodating a shaft section of an interchangeable tool head, which can be axially displaced in the receptacle region (A), and the shaft section comprises an end face (S) and at least two engaging elements. The at least two holding elements are arranged in the receptacle region (A) and a guide groove is respectively formed between two adjacent holding elements. Also described are tools such as pressing devices utilizing the couplings and related methods.

A method and apparatus for machining an internal surface of a differential case. A lathe having a turret and a pair of spindles are in electrical communication with a programmable computer. Integrally connected to the turret is a cutter gripper assembly that is selectively grippingly engageable with a cutter. A differential case is mounted horizontally within a mount assembly on a tabletop of the lathe. Once the cutter gripping assembly engages the cutter, the turret moves toward the differential case until the cutter is in a start position within the hollow portion of the case aligned with openings in a first and second tubular portion of the case and the pair of spindles. The pair of spindles then drivingly engage the cutter and the cutter machines a first and second internal machining surface as the cutter moves from a first cutting position to a second cutting position.

A method and apparatus for machining an internal surface of a differential case. A lathe having a turret and a pair of spindles are in electrical communication with a programmable computer. Integrally connected to the turret is a cutter gripper assembly that is selectively grippingly engageable with a cutter. A differential case is mounted horizontally within a mount assembly on a tabletop of the lathe. Once the cutter gripping assembly engages the cutter, the turret moves toward the differential case until the cutter is in a start position within the hollow portion of the case aligned with openings in a first and second tubular portion of the case and the pair of spindles. The pair of spindles then drivingly engage the cutter and the cutter machines a first and second internal machining surface as the cutter moves from a first cutting position to a second cutting position.

An air permeable sun shading fabric for provision of shade while allowing air to permeate the fabric includes a panel that is flexible and comprises a plurality of layers. The plurality of layers comprises an inner layer and an outer layer. Each of the layers has a plurality of openings. The openings are consistently sized and equally spaced, thus defining a band around each of the openings. The opening and a respective one of the bands define a unit. The openings of each of the layers are positioned in rows that are parallel. Each of the rows is offset by one half of the unit from adjacent rows. The layers are mutually coupled, such that each of the pluralities of openings is offset from the pluralities of openings positioned in adjacent layers.