A method is provided to prevent and to treat hearing loss by using Calcium Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors, or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB), and more particularly, to a method to prevent and treat hearing loss by using Calcium Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers that are not taken orally, but administered topically or by injection, so as to increase the capillary network and blood supply to the affected tissues, e.g., through to the external ear space and/or the middle ear space and/or the inner ear space to form contact with the ear hearing apparatus.

Compositions having an increased amount of an effective component retained in the composition for a pump foamer are provided. A composition for external use is described which contains: 1) an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and/or a diester carbonate; and 2) a surfactant. The composition is in a foam state upon use.

Compositions having an increased amount of an effective component retained in the composition for a pump foamer are provided. A composition for external use is described which contains: 1) an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and/or a diester carbonate; and 2) a surfactant. The composition is in a foam state upon use.

Compositions of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a calcium channel antagonist in a liquid carrier. The composition may be administered the urinary tract during urological diagnostic, interventional, surgical and other medical procedures. One disclosed composition comprises ketoprofen and nifedipine in a liquid irrigation carrier, and includes a solubilizing agent, stabilizing agents and a buffering agent.

Compositions of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a calcium channel antagonist in a liquid carrier. The composition may be administered the urinary tract during urological diagnostic, interventional, surgical and other medical procedures. One disclosed composition comprises ketoprofen and nifedipine in a liquid irrigation carrier, and includes a solubilizing agent, stabilizing agents and a buffering agent.

The present invention provides a compound that inhibits the activity of TRPV4 and is useful for prevention or amelioration of an overactive bladder, an irritable bowel syndrome, etc. The compound is a rosmarinic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof:

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The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an MTP inhibitor to inhibit hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia in said subject, wherein said administration comprises an escalating series of doses of the MTP inhibitor. In some embodiments the method comprises administering at least three step-wise, increasing dosages of the MTP inhibitor to the subject. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the administration of one or more other lipid modifying compounds.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an MTP inhibitor to inhibit hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia in said subject, wherein said administration comprises an escalating series of doses of the MTP inhibitor. In some embodiments the method comprises administering at least three step-wise, increasing dosages of the MTP inhibitor to the subject. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the administration of one or more other lipid modifying compounds.

The present invention relates generally to the use of compositions and methods for treating nociceptive events that occur on the ocular surface in association with dryness, injury, environmental pollutants, and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Specifically, the present invention is directed to the use of certain compounds for treating for treating ocular pain or ocular discomfort.

The present invention relates generally to the use of compositions and methods for treating nociceptive events that occur on the ocular surface in association with dryness, injury, environmental pollutants, and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Specifically, the present invention is directed to the use of certain compounds for treating for treating ocular pain or ocular discomfort.