Field of application: the invention relates to biotechnology, can be used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetology in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with immunodeficiencies and respiratory viral infections.

The proposed food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical composition with an immunomodulating and protective antiviral effect additionally has the ability to completely prevent infection by a number of viruses, including influenza, rotavirus and coronavirus, as well as stimulate the immune system more than individual probiotics.

Disclosed in the present invention are a compound represented by formula (I), a tautomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and applications thereof in the preparation of drugs for treating HBV-related diseases. ##STR00001##

The invention provides novel heterocyclic compounds having the general formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, D, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, and R.sup.6 to R.sup.10 are as described herein. ##STR00001## Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, processes of manufacturing the compounds and methods of using the compounds as medicaments, in particular methods of using the compounds as antibiotics for the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections and resulting diseases.

The present invention is directed to a combination therapy involving a type II anti-CD20 antibody and a selective Bcl-2 inhibitor for the treatment of a patient suffering from cancer, particularly, a CD20-expressing cancer.

The present invention is directed to a combination therapy involving a type II anti-CD20 antibody and a selective Bcl-2 inhibitor for the treatment of a patient suffering from cancer, particularly, a CD20-expressing cancer.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing depression in an individual involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacterial species able to make small chain fatty acids, and preferably butyrate, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. The individual's gut microbiome is modified to reduce the number of undesired bacteria and to increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria are preferably modified to remove one or more virulence facts or alternatively to produce increased amounts of SCFA's, such as butyrate. Beneficial bacteria may be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure to ensure they arrive in an individual's body while still viable, e.g. such as being first released in the lower gut rather than being exposed to the harsh conditions of an individual's stomach. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and L. casei to treat depression.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing depression in an individual involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacterial species able to make small chain fatty acids, and preferably butyrate, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. The individual's gut microbiome is modified to reduce the number of undesired bacteria and to increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria are preferably modified to remove one or more virulence facts or alternatively to produce increased amounts of SCFA's, such as butyrate. Beneficial bacteria may be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure to ensure they arrive in an individual's body while still viable, e.g. such as being first released in the lower gut rather than being exposed to the harsh conditions of an individual's stomach. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and L. casei to treat depression.

One embodiment of the present invention is to improve the safety and efficacy of the administration of GHB or a salt thereof to a patient. It has been discovered that the concomitant administration of an MCT inhibitor, such as diclofenac, valproate, or ibuprofen, will affect GHB administration. For example, it has been discovered that diclofenac lowers the effect of GHB in the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition. Furthermore, it has been discovered that valproate increases the effect of GHB on the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition.

One embodiment of the present invention is to improve the safety and efficacy of the administration of GHB or a salt thereof to a patient. It has been discovered that the concomitant administration of an MCT inhibitor, such as diclofenac, valproate, or ibuprofen, will affect GHB administration. For example, it has been discovered that diclofenac lowers the effect of GHB in the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition. Furthermore, it has been discovered that valproate increases the effect of GHB on the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition.

Methods and compositions are provided for increasing or enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, such as by increasing antimicrobial activity, against a variety of microbes by co-administration with synthetic amphiphiles, including lariat ethers and hydraphiles. Methods and compositions for overcoming antibiotic resistance are also provided.