Provided is a compound having 4 integrin inhibitory action.

The compound is a sulfonamide derivative represented by the following formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 to R.sub.5, e to h, D, and B represent those as described in the specification.

The present disclosure provides methods for detecting the presence of a cancer stem cell and their use in cancer prognosis, evaluating risk of cancer metastasis, identifying or validating drug candidates, and determining treatment efficacy. It also provides kits useful for detecting the presence of cancer stem cells as well as methods of treating cancer using CAIX inhibitors.

The present disclosure provides methods for detecting the presence of a cancer stem cell and their use in cancer prognosis, evaluating risk of cancer metastasis, identifying or validating drug candidates, and determining treatment efficacy. It also provides kits useful for detecting the presence of cancer stem cells as well as methods of treating cancer using CAIX inhibitors.

The present disclosure relates to molecules that function as selective modulators (i.e., inhibitors and agonists) of the Ras-homologous (Rho) family of small GTPases and, in particular, CDC42 GTPase, and their use to treat bacterial infection including systemic infection from sources such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

The present disclosure relates to molecules that function as selective modulators (i.e., inhibitors and agonists) of the Ras-homologous (Rho) family of small GTPases and, in particular, CDC42 GTPase, and their use to treat bacterial infection including systemic infection from sources such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

T-lymphocyte invasion and metastases (Tiam-1) has been identified as a marker and anti-cancer drug target for therapy of metastatic bone cancer in individuals afflicted with prostate cancer. The present disclosure provides methods and compounds for inhibiting metastases by disrupting Tiam-1 expression and activity. One particularly preferred compound comprises a disulfomanide of the formula.

T-lymphocyte invasion and metastases (Tiam-1) has been identified as a marker and anti-cancer drug target for therapy of metastatic bone cancer in individuals afflicted with prostate cancer. The present disclosure provides methods and compounds for inhibiting metastases by disrupting Tiam-1 expression and activity. One particularly preferred compound comprises a disulfomanide of the formula.

The present invention is directed to the treatment of skin erythema as exhibited in rosacea and other conditions characterized by increased erythema (redness) of the skin. These conditions exhibit dilation of blood vessels due to a cutaneous vascular hyper-reactivity. In particular, the present invention is directed to a novel composition and method for the treatment of skin erythema using .sub.1-adrenergic receptor (.sub.1-adrenoceptor) agonists incorporated into cosmetic, pharmacological or dermatological compositions for topical application to the skin.

The present invention is directed to the treatment of skin erythema as exhibited in rosacea and other conditions characterized by increased erythema (redness) of the skin. These conditions exhibit dilation of blood vessels due to a cutaneous vascular hyper-reactivity. In particular, the present invention is directed to a novel composition and method for the treatment of skin erythema using .sub.1-adrenergic receptor (.sub.1-adrenoceptor) agonists incorporated into cosmetic, pharmacological or dermatological compositions for topical application to the skin.

An effective therapeutic agent for the M2 channel comprising sulfonylamide or oxabicyclo structures effective for treating amantadine-resistant influenza A infections, and methods of treating amantadine-resistant influenza A infections through administration of the same.