The invention describes an approach to sublingual administration of drugs where in pharmacologically inactive adjuvant have been used to transport the drugs rapidly to the tissue receptor sites to create a faster and a much greater response compared to oral administration or sublingual administration of the same drugs without the use of adjuvant. These compounds enhance the passage of the drug through the buccal mucosa and transfer to the active site. Here we have enhanced the activity of glipizide and alprazzolam by their use. In the first case the activity of glipizide is enhanced 32 times and in the 2.sub.nd case the activity of alprazolam by 2 times approximately. An advantage of enhancing the activity glipizide is that it obliterates the use of metformin thereby making the product much safer for use and effective in situations of diabetic coma and lactic acidosis where mortality rates are around 60%.

The invention describes an approach to sublingual administration of drugs where in pharmacologically inactive adjuvant have been used to transport the drugs rapidly to the tissue receptor sites to create a faster and a much greater response compared to oral administration or sublingual administration of the same drugs without the use of adjuvant. These compounds enhance the passage of the drug through the buccal mucosa and transfer to the active site. Here we have enhanced the activity of glipizide and alprazzolam by their use. In the first case the activity of glipizide is enhanced 32 times and in the 2.sub.nd case the activity of alprazolam by 2 times approximately. An advantage of enhancing the activity glipizide is that it obliterates the use of metformin thereby making the product much safer for use and effective in situations of diabetic coma and lactic acidosis where mortality rates are around 60%.

The invention relates to a compound which is effective in inhibiting the function of the TRPM4 ion channel and the use of such compound in treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in a subject. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TRPM4 inhibitory compound. The invention further relates to in vitro methods for identifying pharmaceutically active compounds that are useful for treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease.

The invention relates to a compound which is effective in inhibiting the function of the TRPM4 ion channel and the use of such compound in treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in a subject. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TRPM4 inhibitory compound. The invention further relates to in vitro methods for identifying pharmaceutically active compounds that are useful for treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease.

The invention relates to a compound which is effective in inhibiting the function of the TRPM4 ion channel and the use of such compound in treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in a subject. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TRPM4 inhibitory compound. The invention further relates to in vitro methods for identifying pharmaceutically active compounds that are useful for treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease.

Provided herein are methods of modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder, comprising using variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21, and variants or fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21 proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), in combination with agents effective in modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder.

Provided herein are methods of modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder, comprising using variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21, and variants or fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21 proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), in combination with agents effective in modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder.

Provided herein are methods of modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder, comprising using variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21, and variants or fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21 proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), in combination with agents effective in modulating bile acid homeostasis or treating a bile-acid related or associated disorder.

The present invention provides compositions and methods of treating prostate cancer using a combination of a DNA vaccine, PD-1 inhibitor and an IDO inhibitor. Further, methods of measuring IDO activity as a way to identify a subpopulation of subjects with prostate cancer that may benefits from the treatment methods described herein are provided.

Methods and formulations for minimizing or avoiding the sorption of glyburide to surfaces of delivery tubing, filters, bags, and other containers and materials, thereby storing and delivering a more stable product, delivering a predictable and accurate dose of glyburide, while minimizing impurities, avoiding drug waste, reducing cost, and significantly reducing the amount of dosing solution that must be infused into the patient.