In one aspect, cutting tools are provided comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of refractory surface microstructures and/or nanostructures. For example, a cutting tool described herein comprises at least one cutting edge formed by intersection of a flank face and a rake face, the flank face formed of a refractory material comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of surface microstructures and surface nanostructures, wherein surface pore structure of the refractory material is not occluded by the surface microstructures and surface nanostructures.

A blade-shaped cutting insert has opposing first and second insert side surfaces with a peripheral surface extending therebetween, and a first cutting portion having a first primary cutting edge extending between the first and second insert side surfaces, defining a maximum insert width of the cutting insert. The peripheral surface includes an upper surface and first and second diverging flank surfaces bisected by a first plane transverse to the upper surface. The cutting insert has a maximum insert length measured perpendicular to the first plane which is more than sixteen times greater than the maximum insert width, and a maximum insert height measured parallel to the first plane which is more than ten times greater than the maximum insert width. The cutting insert is removably secured in an insert receiving pocket of a tool holder, which is defined by an upper clamping jaw and a lower clamping jaw.

A cutting insert according to one aspect has a flat plate shape including a first main surface having a polygonal shape, a second main surface located opposite to the first main surface, and an outer peripheral surface located between the first main surface and the second main surface. The cutting insert includes a cutting portion located in regions including at least a corner portion of the first main surface, and a main body portion located in a region other than the corner portion. A thickness of the main body portion is larger than a thickness of the cutting portions, and the main body portion includes a recessed portion or a protruding portion located in the outer peripheral surface thereof.

In one aspect, cutting tools are provided comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of refractory surface microstructures and/or nanostructures. For example, a cutting tool described herein comprises at least one cutting edge formed by intersection of a flank face and a rake face, the flank face formed of a refractory material comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of surface microstructures and surface nanostructures, wherein surface pore structure of the refractory material is not occluded by the surface microstructures and surface nanostructures.

A cutting tool according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a cutting edge portion which contains at least one of cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond. The cutting edge portion includes a flank face, a negative land contiguous to the flank face, and a cutting edge formed by a ridgeline between the flank face and the negative land. At least one of the negative land and the flank face is provided with a plurality of recesses and a projection. The projection is formed by arranging the edges of adjacent recesses in contact with each other.

A cutting insert is provided, which can be prevented from being lifted from a tool body. A cutting insert includes two end surfaces opposed to each other, a peripheral side surface extending between the two end surfaces, a cutting edge provided at an intersecting edge between at least one of the two end surfaces and the peripheral side surface, and a fixing hole provided in an end surface direction from the first end surface to the second end surface. The peripheral side surface is provided with raised parts changing in height in the end surface direction.

A method for designing a cutting edge of a cutting element configured for removing material from a workpiece to leave therein a desired end profile (B22,B24,B26). The method comprises the steps of modeling a desired end profile (B22,B24,B26) of the workpiece, the profile having a longitudinal axis and being defined by a bottom surface (B12), a side surface (B16) and an adjustment surface (B14) extending therebetween; defining a lead profile plane (RP.sub.L) and an trail profile plane (RP.sub.T) spaced therefrom, each of the planes being oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; determining a profile contour defined by the intersection line between the end profile (B22,B24,B26) and the lead profile plane (RP.sub.L). The contour profile includes a bottom contour, an adjoining contour and a side contour defined as the intersection lines between the lead profile plane (RP.sub.L) and the bottom surface (B12), the adjustment surface (B14) and the side surface (B16) respectively; designing a rake surface and a relief surface, the intersection line between which defines a cutting edge lying in the adjoining surface (B14) and spanning between the lead profile plane (RP.sub.L) and the trail profile plane (RP.sub.T). The cutting edge is designed such that in any reference plane (RP; FIG. 6A) oriented perpendicularly to the cutting edge, the intersection between each of the rake surface and the relief surface with the reference plane (RP) defines a respective rake line (RK; FIG. 7) and relief line (RF; FIG. 7), the angle (.sub.B) between the lines RK,RF) being equal to or smaller than a similar angle (.sub.B) taken along each of a plurality of similar reference planes (RP) disposed between the reference plane (RP.sub.n) and the lead profile plane (RP.sub.L).

A cutting insert for a tool for machining a workpiece, comprising a first cutting edge and a first cutting insert bore, wherein the cutting insert has an elongate shape and extends along a cutting insert longitudinal direction, wherein the first cutting insert bore extends along a first bore axis, which runs substantially orthogonally to the cutting insert longitudinal direction, wherein the cutting insert has a laterally protruding elevation, which is arranged on a side of the cutting insert that is oriented transversely to the first bore axis, and wherein on the elevation are arranged a first lateral holder contact surface, an axial holder contact surface and a first horizontal holder contact surface for the bearing contact of the cutting insert against a tool holder, wherein the first lateral holder contact surface runs substantially orthogonally to the first bore axis, and wherein the axial holder contact surface and the first horizontal holder contact surface run substantially orthogonally to the first lateral holder contact surface and transversely to each other.

A blade-shaped cutting insert has opposing first and second insert side surfaces with a peripheral surface extending therebetween, and a first cutting portion having a first primary cutting edge extending between the first and second insert side surfaces, defining a maximum insert width of the cutting insert. The peripheral surface includes an upper surface and first and second diverging flank surfaces bisected by a first plane transverse to the upper surface. The cutting insert has a maximum insert length measured perpendicular to the first plane which is more than sixteen times greater than the maximum insert width, and a maximum insert height measured parallel to the first plane which is more than ten times greater than the maximum insert width. The cutting insert is removably secured in an insert receiving pocket of a tool holder, which is defined by an upper clamping jaw and a lower clamping jaw.

In a cutting tool having an indexable cutting insert with three cutting portions, the cutting insert is removably securable to an insert holder by means of a fastener. The cutting insert has two opposing end surfaces with a peripheral side surface extending therebetween. At least one end surface has a central boss protruding therefrom with a raised support surface, and the peripheral side surface has three abutment recesses. In an end view of the cutting insert, each of the three abutment recesses is visible and located inside a first imaginary circle circumscribing the visible central boss. A holding portion of the insert holder has a seating surface with at least one protuberance protruding therefrom. The support surface is in clamping contact with the seating surface, and exactly two of the three abutment recesses are engaged with the at least one protuberance.