The present invention relates to the use of halogen compounds, including iodide, and chalcogenide compounds, including iodide, sulfide and selenide, to treat and prevent diseases and injuries. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising a halogen compound and/or a chalcogenide compound, including pharmaceutical compositions, as well as methods of manufacturing such compounds and administering such compositions to subjects in need thereof.

The present invention pertains to quantum-scale biocidal particles and chemical reactions that disrupt and eviscerate microbial matter by combining aqueous and dry components. As halo-fullerene activation requires volatile excitation to mix, contact and collide so as to rupture microbial matter, atomic scale chemical reactions impart the requisite movement of engineered halo-fullerenes to destroy bacterial, fungal and viral matter upon contact. The present invention includes two primary mechanisms: an excitation chemistry and biocidal, hydrophobic halo-fullerenes. Upon aqueous exposure, the dry composition initiates a chemical reaction that activates biocidal halo-fullerenes to disrupt biologic surfaces in topical applications. The object of the present invention is a shelf stable, pre-packaged wiping material or dry packet for rehydration with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In one example, a matrix or wipe material would be comprised of densely packed and highly concentrated halo-fullerenes and a chemical reaction stimulant. When activated upon aqueous exposure, it would relax water molecules, alter hydrogen binding, and disrupt adhesion and cohesion forces that characterize surface tensions. These dynamics would then isolate sebaceous substances and free oxygen radicals, along with outgassing of carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction stimulant thus transfers energy and hyperactivates otherwise inert halo-fullerenes to form a biocidal composition. Broader utilities range from topical cleansing for personal hygiene, as well as various clinical and surgical procedures, as surgical and prophylactic lavage and rinse solutions, and enteral formulations as a hypertonic renal flush combined with short-acting diuresis. The halo-fullerene and hypertonic renal flush would cause osmotic cellular outflow, mitigate cellular microbial uptake and initial seroconversion and bloodborne events, while a botanical diuretic agent would facilitate systemic prophylaxis or treatment of UTIs.

The present invention pertains to quantum-scale biocidal particles and chemical reactions that disrupt and eviscerate microbial matter by combining aqueous and dry components. As halo-fullerene activation requires volatile excitation to mix, contact and collide so as to rupture microbial matter, atomic scale chemical reactions impart the requisite movement of engineered halo-fullerenes to destroy bacterial, fungal and viral matter upon contact. The present invention includes two primary mechanisms: an excitation chemistry and biocidal, hydrophobic halo-fullerenes. Upon aqueous exposure, the dry composition initiates a chemical reaction that activates biocidal halo-fullerenes to disrupt biologic surfaces in topical applications. The object of the present invention is a shelf stable, pre-packaged wiping material or dry packet for rehydration with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In one example, a matrix or wipe material would be comprised of densely packed and highly concentrated halo-fullerenes and a chemical reaction stimulant. When activated upon aqueous exposure, it would relax water molecules, alter hydrogen binding, and disrupt adhesion and cohesion forces that characterize surface tensions. These dynamics would then isolate sebaceous substances and free oxygen radicals, along with outgassing of carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction stimulant thus transfers energy and hyperactivates otherwise inert halo-fullerenes to form a biocidal composition. Broader utilities range from topical cleansing for personal hygiene, as well as various clinical and surgical procedures, as surgical and prophylactic lavage and rinse solutions, and enteral formulations as a hypertonic renal flush combined with short-acting diuresis. The halo-fullerene and hypertonic renal flush would cause osmotic cellular outflow, mitigate cellular microbial uptake and initial seroconversion and bloodborne events, while a botanical diuretic agent would facilitate systemic prophylaxis or treatment of UTIs.

The invention relates to a highly flowable crosslinkable medical or dental composition comprising a crosslinkable compound, a polymerization initiator and a heterogeneous radiopacifier. Also described is a crosslinked polymer composition obtainable by crosslinking said highly flowable, crosslinkable medical or dental composition and the use of said highly flowable crosslinkable medical or dental composition to fill cavities or hollow structures in human or animal subjects.

Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H.sub.2S, N.sub.2O, SO, SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for IIb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.

Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H.sub.2S, N.sub.2O, SO, SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for IIb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.

Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H.sub.2S, N.sub.2O, SO, SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for IIb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating cancer with nutritionally modified diets and/or dialysis treatment, such as through amino acid depletion of one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating obesity with such modified diets and/or dialysis treatment. Furthermore, in some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating renal disease with such modified diets and/or dialysis treatment.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating cancer with nutritionally modified diets and/or dialysis treatment, such as through amino acid depletion of one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating obesity with such modified diets and/or dialysis treatment. Furthermore, in some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating renal disease with such modified diets and/or dialysis treatment.

An aqueous oral care fluoride treatment composition, a method of providing fluoride to a patients tooth surface, and a method of reducing the incidence of dental caries, wherein the composition includes: 0.5 wt-% to 4.8 wt-% of a water-soluble cationic N-containing polymer; a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer; 1.0 wt-% to 2.5 wt-% of sodium fluoride; and at least 60 wt-% water; wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.