Described herein are methods and compositions for using microbial agents (probiotics) and agents that promote growth of certain microbes (prebiotics) for management (including prevention and treatment) of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteopenia, Paget's disease, stunting, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and delayed or non-union fractures.

Described herein are neurotrophic and nootropic compositions and methods for treating subjects with such compositions. In one aspect the composition comprises one or more tryptamines or in pure form or extracts from psilocybin containing mushrooms, or combinations thereof optionally combined with one or more phenethylamines or amphetamines in pure form or extracts from a plant or mushroom, or combinations thereof, optionally one or more erinacines or hericenones in pure form, extracts from Hericium mushroom species (e.g., H. erinaceus, H. coralloides, H. ramosum) or combinations thereof, optionally one or more cannabinoids in pure form or extracts from Cannabis sativa, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis, optionally, one or more adversive compounds, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Described herein are neurotrophic and nootropic compositions and methods for treating subjects with such compositions. In one aspect the composition comprises one or more tryptamines or in pure form or extracts from psilocybin containing mushrooms, or combinations thereof optionally combined with one or more phenethylamines or amphetamines in pure form or extracts from a plant or mushroom, or combinations thereof, optionally one or more erinacines or hericenones in pure form, extracts from Hericium mushroom species (e.g., H. erinaceus, H. coralloides, H. ramosum) or combinations thereof, optionally one or more cannabinoids in pure form or extracts from Cannabis sativa, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis, optionally, one or more adversive compounds, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

The present disclosure provides a method of purifying polysaccharides from a cell lysate, comprising partially purifying the cell lysate comprising an impurity and a polysaccharide to obtain a clarified cmde lysate; mixing the clarified crude lysate with a neutralization solution comprising a salt to form a neutralized lysate; mixing the neutralized lysate with a precipitation solution comprising cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to form a first supernatant and a first precipitate; and separating the first precipitate from the first supernatant, wherein the polysaccharide is located in the first supernatant. The present disclosure further provides a method of making a polysaccharide vaccine. Also provided are vaccines, delivery systems, compositions and polysaccharides made by the methods described herein.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising antigenic material of keratinophilic fungi and/or keratinophilic yeasts for use in a method of treating and/or preventing hoof- and claw diseases in animals and a new Trichophyton verrucosum strain which can e.g. be used in such a method of treatment and/or prevention.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising antigenic material of keratinophilic fungi and/or keratinophilic yeasts for use in a method of treating and/or preventing hoof- and claw diseases in animals and a new Trichophyton verrucosum strain which can e.g. be used in such a method of treatment and/or prevention.

A topical probiotic delivery system comprised of (a) at least one quiescent desiccated probiotic, (b) at least one wax, and (c) at least one polymer having a plurality of ionic or ionizable pendant groups. The delivery system is preferably substantially anhydrous and substantially free of preservatives

A topical probiotic delivery system comprised of (a) at least one quiescent desiccated probiotic, (b) at least one wax, and (c) at least one polymer having a plurality of ionic or ionizable pendant groups. The delivery system is preferably substantially anhydrous and substantially free of preservatives

A ruminant dietary supplement in the form of a pressed shelf-stable solid pill or bolus that effervesces when administered into the reticulum of a ruminant and releases calcium and dried active yeast.

A ruminant dietary supplement in the form of a pressed shelf-stable solid pill or bolus that effervesces when administered into the reticulum of a ruminant and releases calcium and dried active yeast.