Compositions comprising a manganese mineral are provided. In specific embodiments, the manganese mineral contains manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3), which may be in the form of rhodochrosite. The compositions may be administered topically to a subject, or in some versions by inhalation. For example, the compositions may be administered by direct contact with the subject's skin or by inhalation through the subject's nasal passages or mouth. Such application of the disclosed compositions may increase the subject's collagen synthesis, prolidase activity (an enzyme responsible for collagen function), and manganese superoxide dismutase activity (an antioxidant having manganese in its active site) in the subject.

Colloidal antiseptic compositions for treating wounds and/or for use in surgical operations are provided. The compositions form an elastic air- and water-permeable biodegradable film on the wound surface and have antiseptic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and especially anesthetic and antitoxic effects. The compositions include a collagen hydrolysate, one or more salts of alginic acid and one or more antiseptics, and additionally include unithiol and dimethylsulfoxide. The compositions may also optionally include one or more anesthetics.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods of preparing protein hydrolysates for use in pediatric nutritional compositions. Specifically, alpha-, beta- and/or kappa casein enriched casein, acid casein or caseinates can be hydrolyzed with proteases such as trypsin (trypsin-like), chymotrypsin (chymotrypsin-like), pepsin and/or plasmin to produce a hydrolysate that is close to the peptide composition of human breast milk.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include compositions and methods for treating type 2 diabetes using anti-diabetic steroidal lactones of Withania Coagulans, such as Coagulansin A and derivatives and analogues thereof are described. For example, a method of treating type 2 diabetes in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of Coagulansin A or a derivative or analogue thereof to the subject is provided. Further described embodiments include compositions and methods of treating muscle atrophy in a subject with type 2 diabetes by initiating regeneration of diseased skeletal muscle myoblasts using anti-diabetic steroidal lactones of Withania Coagulans.

Compositions and methods can use a combination of an autophagy inducer, such as spermidine, and high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing a combination of an autophagy inducer and high protein is administered to the individual in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for their use that include a combination of escin, Ruscus aculeatus root extract, ammonium glycyrrhizate, Centella asiatica extract, hydrolyzed yeast protein, and Calendula officinalis flower extract.

An anxiolytic composition includes a synergistic combination of one or more of an L-theanine, an s-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), and optionally an extract of Magnolia, an extract of Phellodendron, and a whey protein.

The invention relates to a composition of peptides having an aminogram in which: glycine, hydroxyproline and proline are in molar quantities such that the ratio of each quantity to the sum of the molar quantities of the amino acids in the composition is comprised between 20.0% and 24.5%, between 6.0% and 12.0% and between 10.6% and 14.6%, respectively; the peptide composition comprising a quantity of peptides with a molecular weight lower than 1400 Da such that the ratio of said quantity to the quantity of peptides in the composition is less than 40%; the molecular weight and the quantity of peptides in the composition being determined by exclusion chromatography. The invention likewise relates to such a composition to be used as a drug. The invention further relates to such a composition to be used as a food supplement.

A natural peptide comprising a cellular growth promoting fragment of a protein selected from SEQ ID NO’s: 1 to 13, and a composition comprising a plurality of growth promoting peptides, is described. Also disclosed is the use of the peptides and compositions in prevention of ageing of human skin, treatment of diseases or conditions characterised by damaged epithelial cells or tissue such as colon cancer and peripheral inflammatory disorders, and wound treatment. Specific pea and rice protein derived peptides are described in SEQ ID NO’s: 15 to 505, and 546 to 704.

A natural peptide comprising a cellular growth promoting fragment of a protein selected from SEQ ID NO’s: 1 to 13, and a composition comprising a plurality of growth promoting peptides, is described. Also disclosed is the use of the peptides and compositions in prevention of ageing of human skin, treatment of diseases or conditions characterised by damaged epithelial cells or tissue such as colon cancer and peripheral inflammatory disorders, and wound treatment. Specific pea and rice protein derived peptides are described in SEQ ID NO’s: 15 to 505, and 546 to 704.