The present disclosure provides methods to treat conditions, including cancer, using compounds that can target resistant cancer cells. The compounds can be used to sensitize resistant cancer cells or decrease the proliferation of cells. The compounds can target proteins in the DNA damage repair pathway leading to a decrease in DNA damage repair in target cells.

The present invention discloses a composition and method for effecting various cytokines and NF-κB by administering an effective amount of a phyto-percolate composition to an individual. In various exemplary embodiments, the composition is claimed to be useful for the effective treatment of inflammation, cancer, and/or various infections including HIV by regulation of various interleukins, such as IL-10 and IL-2, and of transcription factors including NF-κB.

The present invention discloses a composition and method for effecting various cytokines and NF-κB by administering an effective amount of a phyto-percolate composition to an individual. In various exemplary embodiments, the composition is claimed to be useful for the effective treatment of inflammation, cancer, and/or various infections including HIV by regulation of various interleukins, such as IL-10 and IL-2, and of transcription factors including NF-κB.

The present disclosure provides multiparametric codon optimization methods to improve at least a property in a candidate nucleic acid sequence. Such parameters include improving nucleic acid stability (e.g., mRNA stability), increasing translation efficacy in the target tissue, reducing the number of truncated proteins expressed, improving the folding or prevent misfolding of the expressed proteins, reducing toxicity of the expressed products, reducing cell death caused by the expressed products, and increasing or decreasing protein aggregation. After such optimization, the resulting optimized nucleic acid sequence has at least one optimized property with respect to the candidate nucleic acid sequence.

The present disclosure provides multiparametric codon optimization methods to improve at least a property in a candidate nucleic acid sequence. Such parameters include improving nucleic acid stability (e.g., mRNA stability), increasing translation efficacy in the target tissue, reducing the number of truncated proteins expressed, improving the folding or prevent misfolding of the expressed proteins, reducing toxicity of the expressed products, reducing cell death caused by the expressed products, and increasing or decreasing protein aggregation. After such optimization, the resulting optimized nucleic acid sequence has at least one optimized property with respect to the candidate nucleic acid sequence.

The present specification discloses a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating ophthalmopathy. More particularly, disclosed is a composition comprising a peptide derived from telomerase and being effective in treating and preventing ophthalmopathy. The disclosed peptide, a peptide having a sequence 80% identical to the sequence thereof, or a peptide as a fragment thereof is superiorly effective in treating ophthalmopathy.

The present specification discloses a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating ophthalmopathy. More particularly, disclosed is a composition comprising a peptide derived from telomerase and being effective in treating and preventing ophthalmopathy. The disclosed peptide, a peptide having a sequence 80% identical to the sequence thereof, or a peptide as a fragment thereof is superiorly effective in treating ophthalmopathy.

It has been revealed that, from a pre-onset stage of Alzheimer's disease, enhancement of phosphorylations of MARCKS and the like causes abnormal spine formation or the like, consequently developing the disease. It also has been revealed that the phosphorylations of MARCKS and the like are caused by PKC and the like, and further that b-raf is involved in phosphorylation of tau protein important for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, these proteins have been found to be target molecules useful in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, it has also been revealed that, in a pre-onset stage of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, b-RAF phosphorylation enhancement causes a decrease in the number of spines and the like, consequently developing the disease. Thus, b-RAF has been found to be a target molecule useful in the diagnosis and treatment of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

It has been revealed that, from a pre-onset stage of Alzheimer's disease, enhancement of phosphorylations of MARCKS and the like causes abnormal spine formation or the like, consequently developing the disease. It also has been revealed that the phosphorylations of MARCKS and the like are caused by PKC and the like, and further that b-raf is involved in phosphorylation of tau protein important for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, these proteins have been found to be target molecules useful in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, it has also been revealed that, in a pre-onset stage of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, b-RAF phosphorylation enhancement causes a decrease in the number of spines and the like, consequently developing the disease. Thus, b-RAF has been found to be a target molecule useful in the diagnosis and treatment of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Methods of tissue grafting, and more particularly methods for enhancing tissue graft revascularization, e.g., host engagement of pre-existing graft blood vessels.