A compound comprising one or more polysaccharide moieties each independently represented by the formula (1.fwdarw.4)-[GlcNHR].sub.n-2,5-anhydromannose, wherein n is a positive integer from 3 to 500, and R is H or an acyl group, is described. The compound can be manufactured by (a) reacting chitosan with an acylating agent sufficient to partially N-acylate the chitosan, yielding a modified chitin/chitosan mixed polymer; and (b) reacting the modified chitin/chitosan mixed polymer with a deaminating agent to cleave the mixed polymer at the unacylated chitosan moieties. The compound can be used to immunize against fungal infection. Antibodies specific to the compound, and the use of such antibodies to protect against fungal infection are also described.

A method is presented for treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection comprising: (a) locally administering a substance that induces a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to a patient at a site of an HSV lesion to induce a DTH response at the site of the lesion during one or more outbreaks of the HSV infection.

The present invention relates to methods for the production of heat shock protein complexes for use in vaccine compositions. In particular, there is provided a method for increasing the level and immunogenicity of heat shock protein complexes produced in cells by subjecting the cells to specific stress inducing stimuli. The invention further extends to the use of heat shock protein complexes produced according to the methods of the invention in the preparation of vaccine compositions for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancerous conditions.

The present invention provides immunostimulatory combinations. Generally, the immunostimulatory combinations include a TLR agonist and a TNF/R agonist. Certain immunostimulatory combinations also may include an antigen.

Methods for producing dry thermostable inactivated vaccines with improved inactivation/killing without compromising antigenicity are disclosed. The methods provide for microbes to be irradiated with an ionizing radiation dose above 24 kGy without compromising the integrity of useful epitopes. To achieve enhanced inactivation, microorganisms (virions, bacterium, fungi, etc.) are first immobilized in a dry glassy matrix, then subsequently irradiated at elevated radiation dose while immobilized in the glass. Aptamers can be isolated from the inactivated microbes, such as inactivated SARS-COV-2, and modified or developed as therapeutics for neutralizing infectious disease. Additionally, non-neutralizing aptamers can be combined to produce an enhanced vaccine.

The invention features methods and kits use in for preventing and treating vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), in particular, recurrent VVC.

The present disclosure provides a composition comprising isolated T cells, wherein the T cells have specificity against a range of clinical fungal pathogens.

This disclosure provides, in one aspect, a method for analyzing a sample from a subject for a biomarker that is indicative of the subject's immune response to -glucan. Generally, the method includes obtaining a biological sample from a subject, analyzing the sample for a biomarker anti--glucan antibody compared to a reference standard, computing a Relative Antibody Unit (RAU) value for anti--glucan antibody in the sample, and identifying the subject as biomarker positive if the RAU value is greater than a predetermined RAU value for the biomarker anti--glucan antibody.

The present invention refers to pharmaceutical products comprising immunogenic compositions for modulating the immune system, which comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a Immunological Response Shifter (IRS) comprising two or more immunoactive antigenic agents presenting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and/or danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) and/or Stress Response Signals (SRS), in association with an antibiotic and one or more physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, diluents or solvents. IN other embodiments, the present invention refers to methods to treat severe bacterial infections, sepsis and modulating the immune system.

The instant invention provides various formulations comprising combinations of immunostimulating oligonucleotides, polycationic carriers, sterols, saponins, quaternary amines, TLR-3 agonists, glycolipids, and MPL-A or analogs thereof in oil emulsions, use thereof in preparations of immunogenic compositions and vaccines, and use thereof in the treatment of animals.