Processes for the preparation of phosphorylated heptose compounds are provided. Embodiments of the invention relate to the chemical synthesis of heptopyranose phosphate compounds. Also, embodiments of the invention relate to the use of compounds according to the invention in modulating an immune response in a subject.

Processes for the preparation of phosphorylated heptose compounds are provided. Embodiments of the invention relate to the chemical synthesis of heptopyranose phosphate compounds. Also, embodiments of the invention relate to the use of compounds according to the invention in modulating an immune response in a subject.

The disclosure relates to tropical diseases such as viral mosquito borne illnesses and the treatment thereof. The invention includes ribonucleic acid vaccines and combination vaccines, as well as methods of using the vaccines and compositions comprising the vaccines for treating and preventing tropical disease.

Provided are methods and compositions for enhancing treatment of a cancer by administering a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a cancer together with a second agent that elevates the level of protein p53. The second agent generates in the tumor a population of dendritic cells expressing at least one of Batf3, IRF5, CD103, and XCR1. The second therapeutic agent can also suppress an autoimmune response to non-cancerous tissue in the patient if generated by an immunotherapeutic agent. The method can further comprise administering a PTEN phosphatase inhibitor.

A therapeutic vaccination method includes growing and harvesting viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells on a cell culture or other appropriate medium; killing the viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells in the cell culture or other appropriate medium with a dose of methylene blue; separating the dead viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells from a remainder of the cell culture or other appropriate medium using a filter and/or centrifuge; adding antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, antiparasitics, and/or anti-neoplastic medications at non-toxic therapeutic concentrations to the dead viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells so as to form a therapeutic vaccine; and administering the therapeutic vaccine to a patient in need thereof to simultaneously produces a therapeutic response and a humoral and cellular immune response in the body of the patient without resulting in deleterious side effects to the patient.

A therapeutic vaccination method includes growing and harvesting viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells on a cell culture or other appropriate medium; killing the viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells in the cell culture or other appropriate medium with a dose of methylene blue; separating the dead viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells from a remainder of the cell culture or other appropriate medium using a filter and/or centrifuge; adding antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, antiparasitics, and/or anti-neoplastic medications at non-toxic therapeutic concentrations to the dead viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or tumor cells so as to form a therapeutic vaccine; and administering the therapeutic vaccine to a patient in need thereof to simultaneously produces a therapeutic response and a humoral and cellular immune response in the body of the patient without resulting in deleterious side effects to the patient.

The present invention relates to anti-PD-L1 binding members and in particular to monovalent, high potency PD-L1-binding antibody fragments being highly stable and soluble. Such binding members may be used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases as well as in diagnostics. Also provided are related nucleic acids, vectors, cells, and compositions.

The present invention relates to anti-PD-L1 binding members and in particular to monovalent, high potency PD-L1-binding antibody fragments being highly stable and soluble. Such binding members may be used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases as well as in diagnostics. Also provided are related nucleic acids, vectors, cells, and compositions.

An immune preparation includes an immune substance formed by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a non-antibiotic amino compound, polyethyleneimine, and at least one metal ion. The immune preparation does not include any antibiotics to prevent potential side effects. The amino compound may be chitosan oligosaccharide. The immune preparation is suitable for mucosal administration. The mucosal immune preparation facilitates mucosal immunity of human body allowing for the activation and proliferation of various immune cells.

An immune preparation includes an immune substance formed by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a non-antibiotic amino compound, polyethyleneimine, and at least one metal ion. The immune preparation does not include any antibiotics to prevent potential side effects. The amino compound may be chitosan oligosaccharide. The immune preparation is suitable for mucosal administration. The mucosal immune preparation facilitates mucosal immunity of human body allowing for the activation and proliferation of various immune cells.