A method is described for producing a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide protein conjugate in which one or more activated pneumococcal polysaccharides of particular pneumococcal serotypes and carrier protein are separately lyophilized, the separately lyophilized polysaccharides and carrier protein are separately reconstituted in an organic solvent, and the reconstituted polysaccharide and carrier protein are then combined together by Tee-mixing and conjugated together to produce polysaccharide carrier protein conjugates. A plurality of conjugates, each comprising polysaccharides of a particular serotype, may be used to produce multivalent pneumococcal immunogenic compositions having a combination of conjugates for use in vaccines.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of hepatitis B infection, including chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

The present invention relates to compositions and kits comprising a peptide that activate the immune response and methods of using the composition for immunotherapy and cancer treatments. The peptide comprises an active peptide sequence of VQATQSNQHTPR. In some embodiments, the peptide may be tetravalent. For example, the peptide has the structure [(VQATQSNQHTPRGGGS).sub.2K].sub.2K-NH.sub.2. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods are directed to the treatment of cancer and/or infections.

The present invention encompasses a novel S. aureus bioconjugate vaccine. More generally, the invention is directed to Gram-positive and other bioconjugate vaccines containing a protein carrier, at least one polysaccharide such as a capsular Gram-positive polysaccharide, and, optionally, an adjuvant or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The instant invention also includes methods of producing Gram-positive and other bioconjugate vaccines. An N-glycosylated protein is also provided that contains one or more polysaccharides such as Gram-positive polysaccharides. The invention is additionally directed to engineered prokaryotic organisms comprising nucleotide sequences encoding a glycosyltransferase of a first prokaryotic organism and a glycosyltransferase of a second prokaryotic organism. The invention further includes plasmids and prokaryotic cells transformed with plasmids encoding polysaccharides and enzymes which produce an N-glycosylated protein and/or bioconjugate vaccine. Further, the invention is directed to methods of inducing an immune response in a mammal comprising administering said bioconjugate vaccines.

Provided herein are host cells capable of producing hybrid oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, wherein said hybrid oligosaccharides and polysaccharides do not comprise a hexose at the reducing end of their first repeat unit. Also provided herein are hybrid oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and bioconjugates which can be produced by the host cells described herein, wherein said bioconjugates comprise a carrier protein linked to a hybrid oligosaccharide or polysaccharide that does not comprise a hexose at the reducing end of its first repeat unit.

The present disclosure provides antigen presenting polypeptide comprising a TGF-? MOD that is reversibly masked and acts as a TGF-? receptor agonist. The antigen presenting polypeptides comprising one or more chemical conjugation sites for incorporation of, for example, Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) associated epitope containing polypeptides. The antigen-presenting polypeptides and their T1D-associated epitope conjugates are useful for modulating the activity of a T-cell, and accordingly, the present disclosure provides methods of modulating activity of a T-cell in vitro and in vivo as a method of treatment of T1D.

The present invention discloses a recombinant protein capable of resisting multiple sclerosis and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biopharmacy. The recombinant protein of the present invention comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 65 and 6-segment tandem repeat myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein antigen epitope polypeptides with multiple sclerosis autoimmune antigen characteristics at the 33rd-55th sites. The recombinant protein capable of resisting multiple sclerosis is used for preparing multiple sclerosis vaccines and/or preparing multiple sclerosis drugs. The present invention can play a role in preventing multiple sclerosis and can avoid side effects caused by most of disease modifying therapy (DMT) drugs.

The invention relates to isolated immunogenic peptides comprising a MHC class II T cell epitope, and immediately adjacent or separated from said epitope a H-X(0,2)-C-X(2)-[CST] or [CST]-X(2)-C-X(0,2)-H redox motif.

Vaccines are provided that elicit neutralizing antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Some vaccines comprise nanoparticles that display envelope proteins from EBV on their surface. The nanoparticles comprise fusion proteins comprising a monomeric subunit of a self-assembly protein, such as ferritin, joined to at least a portion of an EBV envelope protein. The fusion proteins self-assemble to form the envelope protein-displaying nanoparticles. Such vaccines can be used to vaccinate an individual against infection by different types of Epstein-Barr viruses as well as Epstein-Barr viruses that are antigenically divergent from the virus from which the EBV envelope protein was obtained. Also provided are fusion proteins and nucleic acid molecules encoding such proteins.

The present disclosure provides T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides (T-Cell-MMPs) comprising an immunomodulatory polypeptide (MOD) that may be selected to exhibit reduced binding affinity to a cognate co-immunomodulatory polypeptide (Co-MOD) and a location for covalently attaching a molecule that can serve as an epitope, such as an epitope peptide. Once the epitope molecule is attached the resulting T-Cell-MMP-epitope conjugates are useful for modulating the activity of a T-cell by delivering immunomodulatory peptides, such as IL-2 or IL-2 variants that exhibit reduced binding affinity for IL-2R, to the T-cells in an epitope selective/specific manner, and accordingly, for modulating an immune response in an individual.