A metal laminating and molding method molds a 3-dimensional molded object formed by sequentially laminating a plurality of metal layers. The metal laminating and molding method is accomplished by repeatedly performing a unit process including a metal layer laminating process of laminating the metal layer constituted by welding beads formed through arc welding and a removal process of removing impurities from a surface of the metal layer laminated in the metal layer laminating process. When the unit process is repeated, the metal layer laminating process is performed again such that a new metal layer is laminated on the surface of the metal layer from which impurities have been removed in the removal process.

A method for forming a conformal fluid circulating passage in a mold includes providing a mold including a molding surface with an open passage thereon, the depth of the passage substantially conforming to the contour of the molding surface, the passage defining a plurality of open fluid channels including a first channel, a second channel downstream of the first channel and a third channel downstream of the second channel; and wherein each fluid channel defines a centerline that extends from the bottom of the open passage to the molding surface and a channel longitudinal centerline, and the method includes maintaining a common distance between the longitudinal centerlines and the molding surface and between the centerlines of adjacent channels.

A processing head assembly is disclosed. In some examples, the processing head assembly comprises a fabrication energy source; a wire feedstock surrounded by a shield and one or more filler feedstocks surrounded by one or more nozzles. In some examples, the fabrication energy source includes the wire feedstock surrounded by the shield. A method of depositing material on a substrate using a processing head assembly for use with a fabrication energy source; a wire feedstock surrounded by a shield and one or more filler feedstocks surrounded by one or more nozzles is disclosed. In some examples, the method comprises projecting a fabrication energy beam from the fabrication energy source onto the substrate at a spot, projecting the wire feedstock surrounded by the shield onto the substrate at the spot and projecting the one or more filler feedstocks surrounded by the one or more nozzles onto the substrate close to the spot.

A method of joining together adjacent overlapping copper workpieces by way of resistance spot welding involves providing a workpiece stack-up that includes a first copper workpiece and a second copper workpiece that lies adjacent to the first copper workpiece. The faying surface of the first copper workpiece includes a projection that ascends beyond a surrounding base surface of the faying surface and makes contact, either directly or indirectly, with an opposed faying surface of the second copper workpiece. Once provided, a compressive force is applied against the first and second copper workpieces and an electric current is passed momentarily through the first and second copper workpieces. The electric current initially flows through the projection to generate and concentrate heat within the projection prior to the projection collapsing. This concentrated heat surge allows a metallurgical joint to be established between the first and second copper workpieces.

A system for manufacturing a component includes a power supply unit adapted to generate welding power. The system also includes a welding system. The welding system includes a welding torch having a welding wire. The welding wire is movable in an axial direction and a radial direction with respect to a central axis of the welding torch for depositing material from the welding wire to manufacture the component. The welding system also includes a motion control assembly. The motion control assembly is adapted to move the welding wire in the radial direction. The system further includes a control unit configured to transmit control signals to the welding system for controlling at least one of a rotation speed of the welding wire, a diameter of rotation of the welding wire, a direction of rotation of the welding wire, and a iced rate of the welding wire.

A die-casting sleeve comprising an outer cylinder made of a low-thermal-expansion metal material, and an inner cylinder shrink-fit into the outer cylinder; an outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder being provided with a flange for fixing the die-casting sleeve to a stationary die block of a die-casting machine; the inner cylinder being constituted by a front member of a low-thermal-expansion metal material arranged on the injection opening side, and a rear member of silicon-nitride-based ceramics arranged in close contact with a rear end surface of the front member; the outer cylinder having an average thermal expansion coefficient .sub.A of 110.sup.6/ C. to 510.sup.6/ C. between 20 C. and 200 C.; the front member having an average thermal expansion coefficient .sub.B of 110.sup.6/ C. to 510.sup.6/ C. between 20 C. and 200 C.; the difference between .sub.A and .sub.B being 110.sup.6/ C. to 110.sup.6/ C.; and the axial length L.sub.1 (mm) and inner diameter D.sub.in (mm) of the front member, and the distance L.sub.2 (mm) from a tip end of the outer cylinder to a rear end of the flange meeting D.sub.inL.sub.1L.sub.2+20.

A method for closing a plurality of holes penetrating from a first surface of a metal article through a second surface of the metal article is disclosed including applying the metal composition to the first surface along a bridging application path. The bridging application path passes over the plurality of holes between a first edge of each of the plurality of holes and a second edge of each of the plurality of holes. Applying the metal composition along the bridging application path closes the plurality of holes.

A method for closing a hole penetrating a hole height from a first surface of a metal article through a second surface of the metal article is disclosed including removing a portion of the metal article surrounding the hole from the metal article. The portion includes a depth extending from the first surface into the metal article and terminating prior to the second surface. Removing the portion forms a support surface within the hole adjacent and opposite to the second surface. A metal support structure is disposed within the hole on the support surface, and a metal composition is applied into the hole and onto the metal support structure. The metal support structure, the metal composition, and the metal article are fused together.

A method for hardfacing a metal article is disclosed including applying a first pass of a metal composition to a surface of the metal article along a first application path, applying a second pass of the metal composition to the surface along a second application path, and applying a third pass of the metal composition to the surface along a third application path between the first application path and the second application path. The first pass and the second pass form a hardfacing perimeter, and the third pass fills in the hardfacing perimeter.

Embodiments of an alloy that can be resistant to cracking. In some embodiments, the alloy can be advantageous for use as a hardfacing alloys, in both a diluted and undiluted state. Certain microstructural, thermodynamic, and performance criteria can be met by embodiments of the alloys that may make them advantageous for hardfacing.