The field of the disclosure relates generally to cancer cell destruction and, more specifically, to cancer cell destruction by photo-magnetic irradiation mediated multimodal therapy using smart nanostructures.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a medicament for killing tumor cells, having few side effects. According to the present invention, provided is a medicament for killing tumor cells, comprising: a conjugate of a substance that binds to a target substance on the surface of tumor cells and a cytotoxin; and Talaporfin Sodium, Porfimer Sodium or Verteporfin.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

Methods for inducing cell death by magneto-endosomalytic therapy using magnetic nano articles. The methods include inducing cell death, inducing cell death in a subject, and application of the methods to killing tumor cells in a subject.

The invention provides nanoparticles, methods for making nanoparticles, and methods for using nanoparticles. An important attribute of a drug delivery system is its ability to allow for spatial and temporal regulated drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and improving therapeutic efficacy of conventional pharmaceuticals. Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), specifically Fe304 nanoparticles, possess many appropriate qualities that make them a viable choice for drug delivery.

Provided are compositions and methods for transport, monitoring the transport, and controlled release of active agents. The compositions comprise surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles are surface functionalized with cucurbitril[7] macrocycles. The cavity formed by the CB[7] macrocycles can be used for storage and transport of active agents. The active agents may be imaging agents or may be therapeutic agents which can be released by applying an alternating magnetic field at desired locations.

A method for localizing delivery of an agent to a target site in a subject is provided. The method allows accumulation and/or release of the agent at the target site in the subject through the use of an energy source.

The invention pertains to a lipid-based microbubble stably binding a plurality of nucleic acids, and a method of delivering the microbubble and nucleic acids to a specific target site using ultrasound. The delivered nucleic acids create transgenic cells (i.e., for example, a transgenic tumor cell), wherein the transgenic cell expresses the proteins encoded by the delivered nucleic acids. This technology provides a significant improvement for microbubble-drug delivery platforms as known microbubble do not efficiently bind nucleic acids. The improvements described herein include but are not limited to identifying proper lipid proportionality ratios and/or cationic surfactant layers that provide an optimum mechanical index compatible with ultrasonics. Microbubble perfusion and/or nucleic acid delivery may be performed by a combination of imaging and ultrasound/microbubble targeted delivery to simultaneously perform low power two-dimensional imaging and high power microbubble destruction. Such systems are useful in therapeutics and/or diagnostics. For example, the data disclosed herein shows proof of principle in conjunction with the delivery of therapeutic siRNA molecules to slow tumor growth.

A method for applying ultrasound to activate a cavitation enhancing agent in the presence of a therapeutic compound and a microbial biofilm is provided. The ultrasound energy causes the cavitation enhancing agent to cavitate in the ultrasound field. The cavitation of the resultant bubble causes fluid streaming and shear forces at and near the biofilm, causing enhanced penetration of the therapeutic compound into the biofilm, and resulting in improved efficacy of the therapeutic compound against the biofilm. The method further includes cavitation enhancing agents which can be loaded with oxygen gas or combined with microbubbles which carry oxygen gas, which further potentiate antibiotic efficacy against the biofilm.

Disclosed herein are mannan nanogels as a novel vaccine delivery platform as well as a novel method of making a self-assembling mannan nanogel for in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents.