Methods of welding high manganese steel, the methods comprising: supplying at least one piece of high manganese steel; supplying the metal cored wire comprising a steel sheath with a core comprising powders of certain metal and carbon percentages and at least one of: i: sulfur in an amount less than 0.3 wt. %; or ii. phosphorous in an amount less than 0.03 wt. %; or a combination thereof; and the balance with iron; submerging the at least one piece of high manganese steel in a slag and arc stabilizer; and applying a current to the metal cored wire to produce a liquid alloy steel composition on the at least one piece of high manganese steel.

Strip cladding heads and strip cladding systems are disclosed. A disclosed example strip feeder for a strip cladding system includes; a drive roller to advance a cladding strip along a strip feed path through contact plates; a first guide rail having a first slot extending across an entirety of the strip feed path; a first adjustable bearing and a second adjustable bearing located within the first slot, the first adjustable bearing and the second adjustable bearing capable of being secured at positions within the first slot using corresponding first and second strip width adjusters; a second guide rail having a second slot extending across an entirety of the strip feed path and positioned at a different location than the first guide rail along the strip feed path; and a third adjustable bearing and a fourth adjustable bearing located within the second slot, the third adjustable bearing and the fourth adjustable bearing capable of being secured at positions within the second slot using corresponding third and fourth strip width adjusters, the first, second, third, and fourth strip width adjusters to, when secured, define a location and a width of an effective strip feed path.

A welding torch includes a contact tip and a wire electrode guide extending distal of the contact tip. The wire electrode guide includes a metallic outer sheath and a plurality of ring-shaped electrical insulators stacked axially within the metallic outer sheath so as to form a central wire electrode receiving bore through the plurality of ring-shaped electrical insulators.

Provided is a flux for submerged arc welding that has good welding workability and can reduce the diffusion hydrogen content in a weld metal using either an AC or a DC welding power source. The flux includes Al.sub.2O.sub.3: 15 to 35% by mass; SiO.sub.2: 10 to 30% by mass; MgO: 10 to 25% by mass; F expressed in terms of CaF.sub.2: 10 to 25% by mass; Mn expressed in terms of MnO: 3 to 20% by mass; Na expressed in terms of Na.sub.2O and/or K expressed in terms of K.sub.2O: 0.5 to 4.5% by mass in total; Fe expressed in terms of FeO: 0.5 to 8% by mass; and CaO: 6% by mass or less. A water-soluble SiO.sub.2 in the flux is less than 1% by mass. In addition, the flux has a composition that satisfies the following formula: 0.2[Mg/O]/([Al.sub.2O.sub.3]+[MnO])0.8.

A pressure vessel includes: (a) a cylindrical sidewall having a wall thickness, an inside surface, an outside surface, and the cylindrical sidewall extending between a first end and a second end, wherein one of the first end or the second end includes a sidewall edge that forms part of an outwardly opening weld groove; (b) an end cap constructed to engage the cylindrical sidewall edge, the end cap comprising an end cap edge corresponding to the sidewall edge and that, when combined with the sidewall edge, forms the outwardly opening weld groove; (c) a cylindrically extending backer bar located in support of the outwardly opening weld groove formed by the sidewall edge and the end cap edge; and (d) a weld joint formed in the outwardly opening weld groove and holding the cylindrical sidewall to the end cap. A method for welding a pressure vessel sidewall and end cap together is provided.

A contact device for a welding apparatus is disclosed. The contact device for feeding current to at least a first welding wire and a second welding wire. The contact device including first and second contact jaws. The first and second contact jaws including a slot formed therein to provide the first and second contact jaws with improved flexibility to individually and independently flex about the first and second welding wires to ensure proper contact is maintained between the contact jaws and the welding wire.

The disclosed technology generally relates to welding, and more particularly to a consumable welding wire for metal arc welding, and a method and a system for metal arc welding using the consumable welding wire. In one aspect, a method of arc welding includes providing a welding wire comprising one or more alkaline earth metal elements. The method additionally includes applying power to the welding wire to generate a plasma arc sufficient to melt the welding wire. The method further includes depositing molten droplets formed by melting the welding wire onto a workpiece at a high deposition rate while regulating to maintain a substantially constant power delivered to the plasma arc.

A metal-cored wire for submerged arc welding having a composition including, in mass %: C: 0.20 to 0.80%, Si: 0.15 to 0.90%, Mn: 17.0 to 28.0%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Ni: 0.01 to 10.00%, Cr: 0.4 to 4.0%, Mo: 3.50 to 10.00%, B: 0.0010% or less, N: 0.200% or less, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.

Weld metals and methods for welding ferritic steels are provided. The weld metals have high strength and high ductile tearing resistance and are suitable for use in strain based pipelines. The weld metals are comprised of between 0.03 and 0.08 wt % carbon, between 2.0 and 3.5 wt % nickel, not greater than about 2.0 wt % manganese, not greater than about 0.80 wt % molybdenum, not greater than about 0.70 wt % silicon, not greater than about 0.03 wt % aluminum, not greater than 0.02 wt % titanium, not greater than 0.04 wt % zirconium, between 100 and 225 ppm oxygen, not greater than about 100 ppm nitrogen, not greater than about 100 ppm sulfur, not greater than about 100 ppm phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron. The weld metals are applied using a power source with pulsed current waveform control with <5% CO.sub.2 and <2% oxygen in the shielding gas.

Provided are a welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel and flux cored, submerged, and gas metal arc welding materials which can be used to prepare the welded joint, wherein the welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel has outstanding impact toughness in extremely low-temperature conditions and excellent yield strength at room temperature.