Structures for a tool surface of a downhole tool are constructed from a metal clay molded in a wet state. The wet state clay is a workable combination that can have a braze alloy grain, a tungsten carbide grain, and a binder. Additional cutting inserts can be embedded in the molded clay. Heat treatment applied to the molded metal clay causing the binder to be combusted and consumed. The braze alloy melts and then cools into a fused state with the tungsten carbide grain therein. The structure can affix to the tool surface of the tool by first being fused and then attached by brazing to the tool. Alternatively, the structure can be positioned in a fusible state adjacent the tool surface. When the heat treatment is applied, the structure fuses together and forms a metallurgical bond with the tool surface of the tool.

A poppet valve, in particular a hollow poppet valve, includes: a valve stem; a valve body having along a longitudinal axis, a first end with a neck portion to which the valve stem is coaxially arranged and having along a longitudinal axis a second end with a first conical contact face portion, the valve body including a cavity with a first opening towards the first end and a second opening towards the second end; and a valve cap coaxially arranged to the valve body on the second end for closing the second opening, the valve cap having a second conical contact face portion to form together with the first conical contact face portion a valve head contact face.

A method for undetachably introducing a guiding aid element into at least one joining location of at least one component is provided. The method includes the acts of: a) perforating the at least one component at the at least one joining location in a first press stroke of a tool press, wherein a preliminary hole is formed at the at least one joining location; b) inserting a joining aid element into the at least one preliminary hole; and c) pressing the at least one joining aid element with the at least one component in a subsequent press stroke or working step to form a material-bonding, form-fitting and/or force-fitting connection between the at least one component and the at least one joining aid element. A component and a composite component produced by such a method are also provided.

A method for undetachably introducing a guiding aid element into at least one joining location of at least one component is provided. The method includes the acts of: a) perforating the at least one component at the at least one joining location in a first press stroke of a tool press, wherein a preliminary hole is formed at the at least one joining location; b) inserting a joining aid element into the at least one preliminary hole; and c) pressing the at least one joining aid element with the at least one component in a subsequent press stroke or working step to form a material-bonding, form-fitting and/or force-fitting connection between the at least one component and the at least one joining aid element. A component and a composite component produced by such a method are also provided.

A conductive cell frame for connecting a plurality of battery cells is disclosed. The conductive cell frame includes a first conductive portion and a plurality of second conductive portions, and the upper surface of each second conductive portion is connected to the first conductive portion through a eutectic portion. The lower surface of each second conductive portion is provided with at least one protruding welding portion, wherein the second conductive portion is connected to the housing of the battery cell through the protruding welding portion. The first conductive portion and the second conductive portion are made of different materials, wherein the resistance of the second conductive portion is greater than the resistance of the first conductive portion. Thus, a small current can be used to connect to the conductive cell frame and the battery cell, which not only reduces the consumption of energy, but also avoids damage of the battery cell during the electric welding process

A combined stackup apparatus with a perforated interlayer for resistance spot welding is provided. The apparatus comprises a first metal sheet of a first material and a second metal sheet of a second material. The apparatus further comprising a perforated interlayer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The perforated interlayer is made of one of the first and second materials. The perforated interlayer has a plurality of perforations formed therethrough. Each perforation has a perforation size of between about 0.1 mm and about 3 mm.

A combined stackup apparatus with a perforated interlayer for resistance spot welding is provided. The apparatus comprises a first metal sheet of a first material and a second metal sheet of a second material. The apparatus further comprising a perforated interlayer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The perforated interlayer is made of one of the first and second materials. The perforated interlayer has a plurality of perforations formed therethrough. Each perforation has a perforation size of between about 0.1 mm and about 3 mm.

A composite component includes a reinforcement bonded to a base component by a bond formed by, or reinforced with, a localized coupling in the base component. The bond may be formed by ultrasonic additive manufacturing. The localized coupling may include a compression of the base component, a weld in the base component, or a heat affected zone of the weld. Where the bond is formed by the localized coupling, the localized coupling encompasses the reinforcement. Where the bond is reinforced with the localized coupling, the localized coupling may encompass the reinforcement, or be arranged at an inside radius of a turn in the reinforcement. The reinforcement results in the composite component having enhanced properties such as lower density, increased strength, stiffness, or energy absorption capabilities.

A multi-material component joined by a high entropy alloy is provided, as well as methods

A multi-material component joined by a high entropy alloy is provided, as well as methods