An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, such as color enhancement, and color enhancement structures containing the same.

Provided are compositions, combinations, and methods and uses for treating a subject having a tumor or lesion, including those not responsive or resistant to prior therapeutic treatments, such as prior immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. In some aspects, the methods include administering to the subject a targeting molecule that binds CTLA-4 conjugated with phthalocyanine dye, such as IR700. In some cases, the methods include administering an immune modulatory agent. The tumor or lesion, in some cases, a first tumor, is illuminated with a wavelength of light suitable for the activation of the phthalocyanine dye of the conjugate. The provided methods and uses provide for growth inhibition, volume reduction, and elimination of tumors and tumor cells including primary tumors, metastatic tumor cells, and/or invasive tumor cells. Also provided are compositions, combinations, methods and uses for provoking or enhancing systemic and local immune responses and for synergistic responses against tumor growth.

Described herein are photoswitchable compounds that can activate TRPA1 channels in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The TRPswitch molecules allow for optical control of both the activation and deactivation of TRPA1 channels. Such compounds can be used as research tools or therapeutics.

The disclosure belongs to the technical field of medicine, and relates to use of a diketone compound in photodynamic therapy or diagnosis. Particularly, the disclosure relates to use of a compound of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, prodrug, stereoisomer, hydrate, solvate or crystal form of the compound, metabolite of each of them, or any combination or mixture thereof in preparation of a drug or a reagent. The drug or the reagent is used for photodynamic therapy or photodynamic diagnosis of a disease or is used for skin beauty by means of photodynamic therapy.

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Provided herein is a drug delivery (DD) system for ratiometric luminescence determination of drug release degree in drug delivery monitoring, which includes a drug, a switchable reporter and non-switchable reporter providing two distinguishable signals for detection; or a single switchable reporter providing two distinguishable signals for detection, and a cleavable linker connecting a drug to a switchable reporter, as well as a method for ratiometric luminescence determination of drug release in a target (in vivo or in vitro), which is effected by administering the DD system provided herein that is capable of releasing a drug from the DD system, measuring two luminescent signals provided by the switchable reporter and the non-switchable reporter, or the single switchable reporter, determining the ratio between these two luminescence signals, and determining the drug release degree through the ratio between the two luminescence signals.

The present disclosure discloses a bioengineered formulation comprising: (a) a modified collagen peptide having a molecular weight in the range of 20-80 kDa, and with a degree of substitution in the range of 20-75%; and (b) a modified hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight in the range of 10-100 kDa, and with a degree of substitution in the range of 20-75%. The present disclosure also discloses the bioengineered formulation comprising stem cells, or exosomes, or combinations thereof. Further, the process for preparing the bioengineered formulation is also disclosed therein. Moreover, the formulation comprising: a) exosomes selected from the group consisting of corneal stromal stem cell derived-exosomes, primed mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes, and naive mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes; and (b) a clinically approved eye drop formulation is also provided.

Described herein are C.sub.60/70/PS-CB-Abx and nano-C.sub.60/70PS compounds, their pharmaceutical compositions, and methods pf photodynamic therapy using the compounds and compositions.

Methods for treating cancer and/or inducing tumor regression in mammals (e.g., humans) by increasing the metabolism of the mammal, administering a BA dye to the mammal, and thereafter exposing the tumor to actinic light for activation of the BA dye.

This application relates to compositions comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and photosensitizer molecules conjugated to the CNCs. In some embodiments the compositions generate reactive oxygen when exposed to light. Methods of preparing the compositions and using the compositions or formulations containing the compositions as biocidal disinfectants are also described. In some embodiment the photosensitizer molecules comprise cationic dyes with acidic protons, such as azure A. In some embodiments the CNC and photosensitizer molecules are coupled together using a pH mediated synthetic protocol whereby the photosensitizer molecules are first dispersed in an acidic suspension of oxidized CNCs and the suspension is then adjusted to an alkaline pH to facilitate photosensitizer fixation. In some embodiments, photobactericidal potency of the composition is significantly more toxic to a broad spectrum of bacteria than the light-activated photosensitizer molecules in a non-conjugated free form. The compositions can be incorporated in various formulations for photobiocidal applications, including aqueous solutions, film-forming polymers such as paints, and hydrogels.

A method for treating a diseased site in a human or animal body is provided which includes injecting in a diseased site one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting ultraviolet or visible light into the body;

infusing the diseased site with a photoactivatable drug;

applying an initiation energy from an initiation energy source comprising an x-ray, gamma ray, or electron source to thereby initiate emission of ultraviolet or visible light into the body; and

controlling a dose of the initiation energy with a processor to produce (i) a cytotoxicity inside the diseased site of greater than 20% or (ii) a day-25 stable tumor volume,

wherein the processor is programmed to apply the initiation energy in a pulsed manner, wherein the initiation energy is delivered in either (i) a radiograph mode, or (ii) a pulsed fluoroscopy mode.