A two-way welding gun includes a first welding tip or a second welding tip selected to be used depending on the shape of the flange of a vehicle body panel, which is an object for the spot welding, so that flanges of first vehicle body panels each including a shape matching the first welding tip are easily spot welded to each other using the first welding tip, and flanges of second vehicle body panels each including a shape different from the first welding tip but matching the second welding tip are easily spot welded to each other using the second welding tip.

An apparatus includes a housing, a pin, a mechanism, and a sensor. The housing is configured to receive a weld head. The pin is configured to move linearly relative to said housing. The mechanism is configured to convert a position of said pin into a displacement. The sensor is configured to generate a value representative of said position of said pin based on said displacement.

An apparatus includes a housing, a pin, a mechanism, and a sensor. The housing is configured to receive a weld head. The pin is configured to move linearly relative to said housing. The mechanism is configured to convert a position of said pin into a displacement. The sensor is configured to generate a value representative of said position of said pin based on said displacement.

A conductive supporting member includes an outer portion that includes a Cu matrix phase and a second phase dispersed in the Cu matrix phase and containing a CuZr compound and that has an alloy composition represented by Cu-xZr (x is atomic % of Zr and 0.5x16.7 is satisfied) and an inner portion that is present on an inner side of the outer portion, is formed of a metal containing Cu, and has higher conductivity than the outer portion.

A conductive supporting member includes an outer portion that includes a Cu matrix phase and a second phase dispersed in the Cu matrix phase and containing a CuZr compound and that has an alloy composition represented by Cu-xZr (x is atomic % of Zr and 0.5x16.7 is satisfied) and an inner portion that is present on an inner side of the outer portion, is formed of a metal containing Cu, and has higher conductivity than the outer portion.

A welding apparatus includes: a welding machine having a lower arm member, an upper arm member, and electrodes configured to advance and retreat; a robot device to which the welding machine is mounted; a support member including a vertical member substantially in a vertical direction, and a horizontal member substantially in a horizontal direction. The vertical member is mounted on one of the lower arm member and the upper arm member at a position away from the electrode of the one of the lower arm member and the upper arm member; and a parts-feeding device mounted to the horizontal member and configured to feed parts to the electrode.

A welding device of a robot arm includes a welding machine having a first pressing member which includes a cylindrical first pressing part and a second pressing member which includes a second pressing part inserted into a hollow of the first pressing part. A transformer supplies a positive (+) current to the first pressing member and a negative () current to the second pressing member. The first and second pressing parts have the same co-axis.

An equipment main bod includes an intermediate electrode set disposed between upper and lower welding electrodes and provided at at least one of the upper and lower welding electrode sides. The intermediate electrode set includes a plurality of intermediate units, each intermediate unit having an intermediate electrode set jig and an intermediate electrode attachable to and detachable from the intermediate electrode set jig, and is configured as a rotary type in which the plurality of intermediate units are provided so as to be rotatable in a circumferential direction such that the plurality of intermediate units sequentially stop at a welding position that is aligned with the upper and lower welding electrodes in an up-down direction. The intermediate electrode set is configured to resistance-weld the workpiece, while pressing the workpiece by the pressing unit, via the intermediate electrode of the intermediate unit at the welding position.

A system and method to correct for height error during a robotic additive manufacturing process. One or both of an output current, output voltage, output power, output circuit impedance and a wire feed speed are sampled during an additive manufacturing process when creating a current layer. A plurality of instantaneous contact tip-to-work distances (CTWD's) are determined based on at least one or both of the output current, output voltage, output power, output circuit impedance and the wire feed speed. An average CTWD is determined based on the plurality of instantaneous CTWD's. A correction factor is generated, based on at least the average CTWD, which is used to compensate for any error in height of the current layer.

A method for manufacturing a heavy-current transformer with at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding with surfaces for contacting connects first inner surfaces of the at least one secondary winding with an I-beam of electrically conductive material of the heavy-current transformer with a first soldering material at a first, higher melting temperature, and subsequently at least one contact plate of electrically conductive material is soldered with exterior surfaces of the at least one secondary winding with a second soldering material at a second melting temperature that is lower as compared to the first melting temperature.