A method for reducing nitrate content in leafy vegetable plants, in particular, in salad crops, is provided. In the method, at least one organic osmolyte compound is delivered, in a predetermined amount, to the plant, preferably, a hydroponically cultivated plant. The method advantageously utilizes betaine compounds. Related preparation and uses are further provided.

A method for promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites of cannabis is disclosed. The method comprises the step of adding a green-yellow light, which has a peak wavelength at 506-571 nm, into the indoor growing environment for cannabis, and maintaining the light intensity and other growth conditions, to improve the content of secondary metabolites. The production of secondary metabolites of cannabis can be increased by up to 18%.

The present invention provides media, kits, systems, and methods for achieving large scale pistachio production within a short time via bioculture, large scale yam production within a short time via bioculture, high multiplication rate of plants including cannabis via in vitro micropropagation, high induction rates of somatic embryos from later buds in bamboo, reduced production of phenolic compounds in plants, high production of virus-free plants, including potato, and large scale hemp production via culturing. The present invention for pistachio and yam production results in shorter tuber development phase and higher yield. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions, methods, and systems for the micropropagation and mass production of perennials, grasses, bamboos, cannabis and phyto-pharmaceutical plants as well as hemp plants. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions, methods, and systems for reducing the production of a phenolic by a plant, such as bamboo.

The present invention provides media, kits, systems, and methods for achieving large scale pistachio production within a short time via bioculture, large scale yam production within a short time via bioculture, high multiplication rate of plants including cannabis via in vitro micropropagation, high induction rates of somatic embryos from later buds in bamboo, reduced production of phenolic compounds in plants, high production of virus-free plants, including potato, and large scale hemp production via culturing. The present invention for pistachio and yam production results in shorter tuber development phase and higher yield. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions, methods, and systems for the micropropagation and mass production of perennials, grasses, bamboos, cannabis and phyto-pharmaceutical plants as well as hemp plants. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions, methods, and systems for reducing the production of a phenolic by a plant, such as bamboo.

A method is provided of producing a Lactuca plant seed including using a Megachile bee as pollination means, and providing the a Megachile bee a minor nectar plant to have preference in flower visiting, in addition to a pollen parent Lactuca plant and a seed parent Lactuca plant and to perform a crossing of a Lactuca plant using a plant species having the preference in flower visiting equivalent to or lower than that of the Lactuca plant. According to one embodiment, it is possible to produce a Lactuca hybrid plant seed more efficiently and economically than before while using a Megachile bee as pollination means.

A method is provided of producing a Lactuca plant seed including using a Megachile bee as pollination means, and providing the a Megachile bee a minor nectar plant to have preference in flower visiting, in addition to a pollen parent Lactuca plant and a seed parent Lactuca plant and to perform a crossing of a Lactuca plant using a plant species having the preference in flower visiting equivalent to or lower than that of the Lactuca plant. According to one embodiment, it is possible to produce a Lactuca hybrid plant seed more efficiently and economically than before while using a Megachile bee as pollination means.

A method for reducing nitrate content in leafy vegetable plants, in particular, in salad crops, is provided. In the method, at least one organic osmolyte compound is delivered, in a predetermined amount, to the plant, preferably, a hydroponically cultivated plant. The method advantageously utilizes betaine compounds. Related preparation and uses are further provided.

A method for reducing nitrate content in leafy vegetable plants, in particular, in salad crops, is provided. In the method, at least one organic osmolyte compound is delivered, in a predetermined amount, to the plant, preferably, a hydroponically cultivated plant. The method advantageously utilizes betaine compounds. Related preparation and uses are further provided.

A cultivation method for cultivating leaf vegetables includes preparing correspondence information associating light characteristic information indicative of a characteristic of light with which leaf vegetables are irradiated, with quantified quality information having a quantified quality of leaf vegetables; setting the light characteristic information; and irradiating the leaf vegetables with light.

The present invention includes broccoli plants with curds having detached florets and methods for obtaining such broccoli plants. The present invention also provides reagents that can be used in methods for obtaining such broccoli plants.