A method for promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites of cannabis is disclosed. The method comprises the step of adding an irradiation of green-yellow light, which has a peak wavelength at 505-590 nm, into the indoor growing environment of cannabis to improve the level of cannabidiol (CBD), secondary metabolites in cannabis. While maintaining the light intensity and other growth conditions, the yield and/or level of CBD, secondary metabolites in cannabis, can be increased by up to 11.04%.

Systems and methods for hydroponic plant cultivation are disclosed herein. The systems can include a water management unit, a bioreactor, and one or more plant growth regions. Plants may be cultivated on floats disposed in the one or more plant growth regions. The bioreactor can include a substrate upon which one or more of bacteria, fungi, and/or other microorganisms can reside. A nitrogen feed source can be delivered to the bioreactor where it is converted into nitrates via a nitrification process. Plasma activated water can also be added to the system.

A method for growing herbs includes planting a herb and allowing the herb to germinate, becoming a herb seedling and either transplanting to or maintaining the herb seedling in a restrictive container, where the herb seedling is held for a predetermined period of time before transplanting the herb seedling to a second stage,where the seedling is held in order to grow and develop a larger root system. Maintaining the herb seedling in a restrictive container has the effect that the herb's root system will be prevented from growing, in comparison to an herb planted in a nursery. The herb will essentially stop growing while the root system is restricted. Meanwhile the herb will continue maturing, developing oils which are more elastic. Herbs with more elastic oils will be significantly more resistant to cold temperatures at a harvesting size, compared to herbs that have not been transplanted to restrictive containers.

A method for growing herbs includes planting a herb and allowing the herb to germinate, becoming a herb seedling and either transplanting to or maintaining the herb seedling in a restrictive container, where the herb seedling is held for a predetermined period of time before transplanting the herb seedling to a second stage,where the seedling is held in order to grow and develop a larger root system. Maintaining the herb seedling in a restrictive container has the effect that the herb's root system will be prevented from growing, in comparison to an herb planted in a nursery. The herb will essentially stop growing while the root system is restricted. Meanwhile the herb will continue maturing, developing oils which are more elastic. Herbs with more elastic oils will be significantly more resistant to cold temperatures at a harvesting size, compared to herbs that have not been transplanted to restrictive containers.

The present disclosure provides a new method for enhancing plant productivity and/for reducing leaf necrosis of plant grown hydroponically by using glycine betaine.

The present disclosure provides a new method for enhancing plant productivity and/for reducing leaf necrosis of plant grown hydroponically by using glycine betaine.

A method is provided of producing a Lactuca plant seed including using a Megachile bee as pollination means, and providing the a Megachile bee a minor nectar plant to have preference in flower visiting, in addition to a pollen parent Lactuca plant and a seed parent Lactuca plant and to perform a crossing of a Lactuca plant using a plant species having the preference in flower visiting equivalent to or lower than that of the Lactuca plant. According to one embodiment, it is possible to produce a Lactuca hybrid plant seed more efficiently and economically than before while using a Megachile bee as pollination means.

A method is provided of producing a Lactuca plant seed including using a Megachile bee as pollination means, and providing the a Megachile bee a minor nectar plant to have preference in flower visiting, in addition to a pollen parent Lactuca plant and a seed parent Lactuca plant and to perform a crossing of a Lactuca plant using a plant species having the preference in flower visiting equivalent to or lower than that of the Lactuca plant. According to one embodiment, it is possible to produce a Lactuca hybrid plant seed more efficiently and economically than before while using a Megachile bee as pollination means.

A plant cultivation method for increasing the phytochemical content of a Labiatae plant is provided. The plant cultivation method includes cultivating the Labiatae plant in a visible light environment having a dark period and a light period during which the Labiatae plant is exposed to visible light in an alternate manner, and performing treatment with UVB radiation during the light period for at least one day before harvesting. A cumulative dose of the UVB radiation may range from 0.54J/m.sup.2 to 4.32 kJ/m.sup.2.

A light source for plant cultivation includes a first light source emitting a first type of light for photosynthesis of a plant and a second light source emitting a second type of light for adjustment of phytochemicals in the plant. The first type of light has at least one peak in the visible spectrum, and the second type of light has a peak in a different wavelength band from the first light source. The second type of light has a peak in the wavelength band of about 360 nm to about 420 nm.