A composite transition joint is described. The transition joint includes a plurality of metal layers that are metallurgically bonded together. The metal layers include a base layer, an interlayer bonded to the base layer, and a top layer bonded to the interlayer. The top layer includes an aluminum manganese alloy and includes a thickness of at least 15 mm. The composite transition joint may bond a current stem to an anode of an aluminum smelter. The transition joint increases the length of the current stem, without impacting electrical conductivity of the current stem.

A cladded article may include a first metallic layer, a clad layer, and a first solid-state welding interface region positioned between the clad layer and the first metallic layer. The clad layer may include a first clad layer region having a first clad layer thickness in a thickness direction of the clad layer and a second clad layer region having a second clad layer thickness in the thickness direction of the clad layer. The second clad layer thickness may be greater than the first clad layer thickness.

A cladded article may include a first metallic layer, a clad layer, and a first solid-state welding interface region positioned between the clad layer and the first metallic layer. The clad layer may include a first clad layer region having a first clad layer thickness in a thickness direction of the clad layer and a second clad layer region having a second clad layer thickness in the thickness direction of the clad layer. The second clad layer thickness may be greater than the first clad layer thickness.

The present disclosure provides cladding in which at least two layers of alloys are joined, the cladding having high wear resistance, high workability, and excellent strength at the joining interface of the alloys. The cladding is composed of two or more layers including a first alloy and a second alloy joined to the first alloy. The hardness of the second alloy of the cladding is greater than that of the first alloy, and the difference in hardness between the first alloy and the second alloy is at least HRC 44. When a shearing test based on JIS G 0601 is performed on the cladding, the breakage is on the first alloy side.

The present disclosure provides cladding in which at least two layers of alloys are joined, the cladding having high wear resistance, high workability, and excellent strength at the joining interface of the alloys. The cladding is composed of two or more layers including a first alloy and a second alloy joined to the first alloy. The hardness of the second alloy of the cladding is greater than that of the first alloy, and the difference in hardness between the first alloy and the second alloy is at least HRC 44. When a shearing test based on JIS G 0601 is performed on the cladding, the breakage is on the first alloy side.

A guide wire with improved joining strength is provided. The guide wire includes a first wire and a second wire are solid-phase-joined to each other, the first wire and the second wire are made of a Ni—Ti-based alloy. When a section of a crystal grain size is 1 μm in a number-based particle size distribution of crystal grains of a metallographic structure of a joint surface between the first wire and the second wire, the frequency of the crystal grains having a mode particle size is 25% or more and the frequency of the crystal grains having a crystal grain size with a representative diameter of (mode particle size (μm)−1 μm) or more and (mode particle size (μm)+1 μm) or less is 60% or more.

Provided herein are anode assembly, conductive contact strips, electrochemical cells containing the anode assembly and the conductive contact strips, and methods to use and manufacture the same, where the anode assembly includes a plurality of V-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped elements positioned outside the anode shell and in electrical contact with the anode.

Provided herein are anode assembly, conductive contact strips, electrochemical cells containing the anode assembly and the conductive contact strips, and methods to use and manufacture the same, where the anode assembly includes a plurality of V-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped elements positioned outside the anode shell and in electrical contact with the anode.

An elongate tape (10) acts as a vaporizing actuator for impulse metalworking. It has an electrically-insulative base layer (20), an electrically-conductive layer (30), and an electrically-insulative top layer (40). In it, the base layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a first width W1, as measured between a pair of side edges. The conductive layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a second width W2, as measured between a pair of side edges; and the top layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a third width W3, as measured between a pair of side edges. The layers are joined to each other to form the elongate tape with the electrically-conductive layer interposed between the electrically-insulative base and top layers.

An elongate tape (10) acts as a vaporizing actuator for impulse metalworking. It has an electrically-insulative base layer (20), an electrically-conductive layer (30), and an electrically-insulative top layer (40). In it, the base layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a first width W1, as measured between a pair of side edges. The conductive layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a second width W2, as measured between a pair of side edges; and the top layer is characterized by the length of the tape and a third width W3, as measured between a pair of side edges. The layers are joined to each other to form the elongate tape with the electrically-conductive layer interposed between the electrically-insulative base and top layers.