Cladding in which at least two layers of alloys are joined, the cladding having high wear resistance, high workability, and excellent strength at the joining interface of the alloys. The cladding is composed of two or more layers including a first alloy and a second alloy joined to the first alloy. The hardness of the second alloy of the cladding is greater than that of the first alloy, and the difference in hardness between the first alloy and the second alloy is at least HRC 44. When a shearing test based on JIS G 0601 is performed on the cladding, the breakage is on the first alloy side.

Cladding in which at least two layers of alloys are joined, the cladding having high wear resistance, high workability, and excellent strength at the joining interface of the alloys. The cladding is composed of two or more layers including a first alloy and a second alloy joined to the first alloy. The hardness of the second alloy of the cladding is greater than that of the first alloy, and the difference in hardness between the first alloy and the second alloy is at least HRC 44. When a shearing test based on JIS G 0601 is performed on the cladding, the breakage is on the first alloy side.

Hybrid bonded turbine rotors and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. A method for manufacturing a hybrid bonded turbine rotor comprises the steps of providing turbine disk having a rim portion comprising a live rim of circumferentially continuous material and a plurality of live rim notches in an outer periphery of the turbine disk alternating with a plurality of raised blade attachment surfaces defining the outer periphery; providing a plurality of turbine blades, each of which comprising an airfoil portion and a shank portion, the shank portion having a base surface; metallurgically bonding a compliant alloy material layer to either or both of the raised blade attachments surfaces of the turbine disk and the base surfaces of the blade shanks; and linear friction welding the plurality of blades to the turbine disk so as to form a bond plane between the raised blade attachments surfaces of the turbine disk and the base surfaces of the blade shanks, the compliant alloy material layer being disposed at the bond plane.

Provided is a method of connecting an austenitic steel pipe with a ferritic steel pipe. The method comprises providing the austenitic steel pipe and the ferritic steel pipe, such that an inner end section of the austenitic steel pipe has an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of an outer section of the ferritic steel pipe, inserting the inner end section into the outer end section, such that the inner and outer end sections overlap in a connection region, and welding the inner and outer end sections in the connection region by explosive welding or magnetic pulse welding. Further, a linear quench exchanger and a processing arrangement for processing a process fluid are provided.