A manufacturing method for a wire bonding structure of the present invention includes a step of preparing a wire made of Cu and a step of joining the wire to a first joining target formed on an electronic device. Before the joining step, the wire has an outer circumferential surface and a withdrawn surface. The withdrawn surface is withdrawn toward a central axis of the wire from the outer circumferential surface. In the joining step, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the wire in a state in which the withdrawn surface is pressed against the first joining target.

Additive friction stir methods for joining materials are provided. The methods comprise providing first and second substrates to be joined; providing a forming plate comprising one or more forming cavities; placing the first and second substrates in communication with the forming plate; placing the first and second substrates in communication with each other; rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrates; feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; deforming the filler material and the first and second substrates; and extruding one or more of the filler material and the first and second substrates into one or more of the forming cavities of the forming plate. Interaction of the additive friction-stir tool with the substrates generates heat and plastic deformation at the joint to weld the substrates at the joint. The methods include introduction of reinforcing material at the joint through addition of the filler material.

A linear friction welding system in one embodiment includes a ram configured to vibrate along a welding axis, a cam follower operably connected to the ram, an eccentric including an eccentric outer periphery operably engaged with the cam follower, and an inner periphery, a first power shaft slidingly engaged with the eccentric, a second power shaft eccentrically engaged with the inner periphery, a timing component operably connected to the first power shaft and the second power shaft, a motor configured to drive the timing component, and a phase change mechanism engaged with the timing component and movable between a first position defining a first phase relationship between the first power shaft and the second power shaft, and a second position defining a second phase relationship between the first power shaft and the second power shaft.

The invention concerns a method for forming by welding along a flat surface an article. The method according to the invention is particularly useful to improve strength and elongation of welded joints obtained by linear friction welding. Structural articles of aircrafts obtained with the method of the invention are advantageous, in particular aircraft structural members.

Apparatus for providing thermal energy to an article, the apparatus comprising: a first flexible heater configured to emit infrared radiation; and a first flexible member comprising a material configured to absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the first flexible heater and to generate thermal energy from the absorbed infrared radiation, the first flexible member being configured to transfer the generated thermal energy to the article through thermal conduction.

A workpiece for use with a flash producing welding process comprises a revolute body, a plurality of first attachment portions, a plurality of second attachment portions. The revolute body has an axis of rotation.

Each of the first attachment portions has a first radially outer weld joint surface, and each of the second attachment portions has a second radially outer weld joint surface. The revolute body comprises a plurality of first and second stub portions, with each of the first stub portions having a first radially inner weld joint surface, and each of the second stub portions having a second radially inner weld joint surface.

A steering wheel armature includes a hub, a spoke and a rim. The hub has a first portion and a second portion. The second portion is attached to a steering column. The spoke is attached to the first portion of the hub via friction welding. The rim is friction welded to the spoke to interconnect the rim and the first portion of the hub, wherein the first portion is stir friction welded to the second portion such that the rim is attached to the steering column.

A friction welding process includes: providing a first workpiece having a first weld surface, and a second workpiece having a second weld surface; aligning the workpieces with the weld surfaces facing each other, moving one workpiece relative to the other workpiece, and engaging the first and second weld surfaces such that the movement raises the temperature at the weld surfaces to create a weld interface; and ceasing the movement and allowing the weld interface to cool to weld the workpieces together at the interface. The first workpiece has a plurality of flash removal channels formed in and/or adjacent to the first weld surface. The channels provide pathways for ejection of material from the weld interface during welding.

A method of fabricating a rack, the method includes: supporting a first rack bar having a first toothed part on a shaft of the first rack bar; supporting a second rack bar having a second toothed part on a shaft of the second rack bar such that an axial center line of the second rack bar coincides with an axial center line of the first rack bar; supporting a joint member between the first and second rack bars such that an axial center line of the joint member coincides with the axial center lines of the first and second rack bars; rotating the joint member about the axial center lines of the first and second rack bars relative to the first and second rack bars; and bringing an end of the first rack bar and an end of the second rack bar into friction pressure welding with the joint member.

A method of repairing a blisk having a hub with circumferentially spaced blades. The method can include removing a portion of a blade and replacing the portion with a replacement piece. The method can further include welding the replacement portion to the blade. The method can further include at least one of inspecting the weld after the completion of the weld and prior to heat treatment, dimensionally inspecting the replacement piece after machining, peening the blade, and surface finishing the replacement piece.