A method for fixing a strip end segment of a metal strip wound into a coil to a strip winding of the coil arranged adjacent to the strip end segment. In order to enable the production of metal strip with improved quality, the strip end segment is fixed by materially bonding on the strip winding by means of a friction welding method.

A friction stir welding (FSW) tool includes a head, a tool holder and a body between the head and the tool holder and attached to the head and the tool holder. The body may include a plurality of cooling fins. An interior of the body may include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a torque sensor, and a communication node in electronic communication with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the torque sensor. The communication node may be in Bluetooth communication with a computing device.

In a double-acting friction stir spot welding device or a double-acting friction stir spot welding method, a pin member and a cylindrical shoulder member that rotates around the axis of the pin member are used as rotary tools, and a clamp member that has a cylindrical shape positioned so as to surround the outside of the shoulder member and is configured to press a workpiece from an obverse surface with an annular pressing surface of the distal end is used as a holding jig. The clamp member has an inclined surface that is adjacent to the inner edge portion of the pressing surface and inclined so as to reduce the inner diameter of the clamp member toward the back side as viewed from the pressing surface.

An edge of each of a first metal member and a second metal member is formed to have a U-shaped cross section with a first horizontal plate projecting from a base edge of a vertical plate, and with a second horizontal plate projecting from a top edge of the vertical plate. The second metal member includes a projecting part. The joining method includes: an abutting step of forming an abutted part by abutting a front surface of the first horizontal plate the first metal member against a second side surface of the second metal member; and a joining step of performing friction stir welding of the first metal member and the second metal member by inserting a stirring pin from the projecting part and moving a joining rotating tool along an inner corner at the top edge of the vertical plate of the second metal member while making only the stirring pin in contact with the first metal member and the second metal member.

The present disclosure provides a wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) method for a titanium alloy. The method includes the following steps: step 1: performing a WAAM process assisted by cooling and rolling; step 2: milling side and top surfaces of an additive part; step 3: performing, by friction stir processing (FSP) equipment, an FSP process on the additive part, and applying cooling and rolling to a side wall of the additive part through a cooling and rolling device during the FSP process; step 4: finish-milling the top surface of the additive part for a WAAM process in the next step; and step 5: repeating the above steps cyclically until final forming of the part is finished. This WAAM method completely breaks dendritic structures and refines grains in the WAAM process of the titanium alloy, thereby effectively repairing defects such as pores and cracks.

A method for determining a quality of a friction stir welded seam is described. The method involves applying an impact to a welded plate and comparing its damping capacity with the damping capacity of a geometrically equivalent defect-free plate. Damping capacities that differ by a small percent difference indicate that the welded plate is also defect-free. This method is particularly advantageous when dealing with small defects, which produce miniscule changes in natural frequency which may not be measureable.

The present invention relates to a resistance welding device, a hollow arm, and a method of manufacturing a hollow arm. A welding gun is provided with the hollow arm for holding a movable electrode. The hollow arm includes an arm body having a cavity portion that is opened on one side, and a cover attached to an opening end surface of the arm body so as to cover an opening of the cavity portion. The arm body and the cover are secured by a friction stir welding portion extending along a peripheral part of the cover.

An underbody of a vehicle includes: a floor member formed through extrusion to extend in a width direction of the vehicle. The floor member is provided in plural such that a plurality of floor members is continuously disposed to be adjacent to one another in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Upper surfaces of the floor members constitute a floor of the vehicle, and lower surfaces of the floor members constitute an upper battery case. The underbody further includes first welding areas each formed in a boundary area between the lower surfaces of adjacent ones of the floor members, to interconnect the adjacent floor members. The first welding areas are formed through friction stir welding and extend in the width direction of the vehicle.

A video coder is configured to form, in a symmetric motion vector difference mode, a List 0 (L0) base vector using a L0 Advanced Motion Vector Prediction (AMVP) candidate list and a List 1 (L1) base vector using a L1 AMVP candidate list; determine a refined L0 motion vector and a refined L1 motion vector by performing a decoder-side motion vector refinement process that refines the L0 base vector and the L1 base vector; and use the refined L0 motion vector and the refined L1 motion vector to determine a prediction block for a current block of a current picture of the video data.

This invention is characterized by including: a primary joining process in which a coarse portion having a predetermined width is formed in the vicinity of a step side face within a plasticized region while a rotary tool is being moved one round along a first butted portion to perform friction stirring in a state that a tip of a stirring pin of the rotary tool which is rotated is inserted to the same depth as or slightly deeper than the step bottom face and only the stirring pin is slightly in contact with at least an upper portion of a jacket body; and an inspection process in which a passed position of the stirring pin is specified by performing a defect inspection to detect the coarse portion after the primary joining process.