A method for processing a transparent workpiece that includes directing a laser beam the transparent workpiece. The laser beam incident to the impingement surface has an oblong angular spectrum and portion of the laser beam directed into the transparent workpiece is a laser beam focal line and generates an induced absorption to produce a defect within the transparent workpiece. The laser beam focal line includes a wavelength λ, a spot size w.sub.o, a Rayleigh range Z.sub.R that is greater than $F_D\frac{\pi w_o^2}{\lambda },$
where F.sub.D is a dimensionless divergence factor comprising a value of 10 or greater, and an internal beam angle of greater than 10° relative to a plane orthogonal to an impingement surface at an impingement location, such that the defect has a defect angle within the transparent workpiece of greater than 10° relative to a plane orthogonal to the impingement surface at the impingement location.

A method for processing a transparent workpiece that includes directing a laser beam the transparent workpiece. The laser beam incident to the impingement surface has an oblong angular spectrum and portion of the laser beam directed into the transparent workpiece is a laser beam focal line and generates an induced absorption to produce a defect within the transparent workpiece. The laser beam focal line includes a wavelength λ, a spot size w.sub.o, a Rayleigh range Z.sub.R that is greater than $F_D\frac{\pi w_o^2}{\lambda },$
where F.sub.D is a dimensionless divergence factor comprising a value of 10 or greater, and an internal beam angle of greater than 10° relative to a plane orthogonal to an impingement surface at an impingement location, such that the defect has a defect angle within the transparent workpiece of greater than 10° relative to a plane orthogonal to the impingement surface at the impingement location.

Systems and methods of making an enhanced brake rotor having enhanced wear resistance are provided. The systems and methods provide a vehicular rotor comprising a base comprising iron (Fe). The base comprises an outer surface having a laser-hardened portion thereon. The laser-hardened portion comprises martensite and having a thickness of between 10 and 100 microns of the outer surface to define the enhanced brake rotor with enhanced wear resistance.

Systems and methods of making an enhanced brake rotor having enhanced wear resistance are provided. The systems and methods provide a vehicular rotor comprising a base comprising iron (Fe). The base comprises an outer surface having a laser-hardened portion thereon. The laser-hardened portion comprises martensite and having a thickness of between 10 and 100 microns of the outer surface to define the enhanced brake rotor with enhanced wear resistance.

A method and apparatus comprising a manufacturing process, equipment and a product. The manufacturing process and equipment configured to produce very high precision parts using a laser beam. Embodiments of the manufacturing process and equipment provide an improved method for the production of supercapacitors with critical dimensions on the order of one to fifty microns that can store electricity at very high energy densities using a modified laser beam. Using the manufacturing process and equipment, the proposed improvements allow the production of key parts thousands of times faster than what can be achieved using the usual process, resulting in a manufacturing time suitable for mass production.

A method and apparatus comprising a manufacturing process, equipment and a product. The manufacturing process and equipment configured to produce very high precision parts using a laser beam. Embodiments of the manufacturing process and equipment provide an improved method for the production of supercapacitors with critical dimensions on the order of one to fifty microns that can store electricity at very high energy densities using a modified laser beam. Using the manufacturing process and equipment, the proposed improvements allow the production of key parts thousands of times faster than what can be achieved using the usual process, resulting in a manufacturing time suitable for mass production.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet incudes a groove formed on a surface and a solidified alloy layer formed under the groove, wherein the solidified alloy layer includes particles of a certain average diameter.

A laser transmission characteristic value determination method for determining an appropriate transmission characteristic value of a laser so that a marked letter becomes a predetermined font size or more when marking a letter on a surface of a heat shrinkable tube formed on the outer periphery of a battery cell.

A laser transmission characteristic value determination method for determining an appropriate transmission characteristic value of a laser so that a marked letter becomes a predetermined font size or more when marking a letter on a surface of a heat shrinkable tube formed on the outer periphery of a battery cell.

The present invention relates to a method of high-speed recording and reading data on or in a layer (10) of a first material and to a device for high-speed recording and reading data on or in a layer (10) of a first material using a laser source (19, a galvanometer (4) and a digital micromirror (5) adapted to emit multiple laser beams.