This disclosure describes an additive manufacturing method that includes monitoring a temperature of a portion of a build plane during an additive manufacturing operation using a temperature sensor as a heat source passes through the portion of the build plane; detecting a peak temperature associated with one or more passes of the heat source through the portion of the build plane; determining a threshold temperature by reducing the peak temperature by a predetermined amount; identifying a time interval during which the monitored temperature exceeds the threshold temperature; identifying, using the time interval, a change in manufacturing conditions likely to result in a manufacturing defect; and changing a process parameter of the heat source in response to the change in manufacturing conditions.

Systems, devices, and methods for additive manufacturing are provided that allow for components being manufactured to be assessed during the printing process. As a result, changes to a print plan can be considered, made, and implemented during the printing process. More particularly, in exemplary embodiments, a spectrometer is operated while a component is being printed to measure one or more parameters associated with one or more layers of the component being printed. The measured parameter(s) are then relied upon to determine if any changes are needed to the way printing is occurring, and if such changes are desirable, the system is able to implement such changes during the printing process. By way of non-limiting examples, printed material in one or more layers may be reheated to alter the printed component, such as to remove defects identified by the spectrometer data. A variety of systems, devices, and methods for performing real-time sensing and control of an additive manufacturing process are also provided.

The present invention provides an apparatus for inspecting a welding state in a welded portion for an electronic or mechanical coupling in a lithium secondary battery, the apparatus including: a measuring unit configured to obtain data for deriving a resistance value of the welded portion by allowing a resistance measuring probe to contact the welded portion; and a controller configured to communicate with the measuring unit, determine the resistance value of the welded portion by receiving the data obtained from the measuring unit, and determine whether a weak welding was performed by comparing the determined resistance value with a threshold resistance value, in which the measuring unit is configured to allow the resistance measuring probe to contact one end and the other end of the welded portion.

A main body and an end cover are made of metal. A major diameter hole and a minor diameter hole that communicates with a through hole of the end cover are provided in a heat insulating guide sleeve inserted into the main body. A cooling water passage is formed in the heat insulating guide sleeve. A portion of the heat insulating guide sleeve located at an inner side of the cooling water passage serves as a heat insulating portion. A container of a permanent magnet is slidably inserted into the heat insulating portion. A magnetic force transmission member is slidably inserted into the minor diameter hole. The permanent magnet, the heat insulating portion, and the cooling water passage are arranged in a diameter direction of the main body. A depth dimension of the cooling water passage is smaller than a thickness dimension of the heat insulating portion.

Provided is a welding information providing apparatus including a main body provided to be worn by a user, a display unit, which is arranged in the main body and includes a display for displaying a welding image to the user, a primary lens member, which is arranged on a path through which the welding image provided from the display travels, and includes a convex surface for adjusting a size of the welding image to allow the welding image to reach both eyes of the user, at least one camera, which is mounted on an outer side of the main body and is configured to obtain a welding image frame with respect to a welding operation, and a processor configured to control the display to display the welding image generated based on the welding image frame.

A reflected beam detection value obtained by detecting a reflected beam of a visible beam generated on a sheet metal or a scattered beam detection value obtained by detecting a scattered beam from an optical component is stored in a storage unit, the reflected beam or the scattered beam being detected at a time when the sheet metal is cut by irradiating the sheet metal with a laser beam under a predetermined processing condition. The reflected beam detection value or the scattered beam detection value stored in the storage unit is registered as a reference value associated with the predetermined processing condition.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses of a welding system are disclosed and include a first stage of a scanning device for scanning weld parts to generate a three-dimensional (3D) profile of a weld target wherein the 3D profile captures matching imperfections of a meeting together of the set of weld parts when performing the weld operation; and the second stage of a monitoring device to monitor the weld operation and to generate a data of high-resolution measurements of the weld operation; wherein the first stage further includes the monitoring device determining a weld schedule based on the 3D profile, and to adjust the weld schedule while the weld operation progresses to adapt to predicted distortion based on the 3D profile and to sensed distortion; wherein the second stage further includes a plurality of sensors to sense a set of components associated with the weld operation to generate high-resolution data of measurements.

A method for soldering an electronic component to a circuit board involves jetting liquefied solder. A laser beam melts a solid solder ball to produce a liquefied solder ball before the ball is jetted. The liquefied solder ball is jetted towards a through hole in the circuit board such that a portion of the liquefied solder ball flows into an annular gap between a pin and sides of the through hole. The pin is attached to the electronic component and passes through the through hole. As the liquefied solder ball is jetted towards the through hole, the laser beam is directed at the ball so as to keep it liquefied. How much of the solder ball remains outside the through hole after liquefied solder has flowed into the annular gap is determined. The filling degree of the annular gap is determined based on how much solder remains outside the hole.

A method of automatically inspecting a weld bead deposited in a plurality of passes in a chamfer formed between two parts by performing the following steps: positioning at least one emission electromagnetic acoustic sensor on one side of the chamfer and at least one reception electromagnetic acoustic sensor on an opposite side of the chamfer, the ultrasound wave emission sensor being configured to emit Rayleigh surface waves; while depositing a pass, automatically moving the sensors to follow the movement of welding electrodes along the chamfer; activating the sensors while they are moving to enable the emission sensor to generate and emit Rayleigh waves towards the pass of the weld bead that is being deposited, the reception sensor receiving the ultrasound signals transmitted and/or reflected in said pass; and reiterating the operation for the entire pass of the weld bead.

A method for inspecting a joint of an assembly, in particular an assembly of a motor vehicle, consisting of two components joined together by a joining process, includes the method steps of: orienting an inspection device with respect to at least one region of the joint to be tested, imaging an actual image of the joint to be tested on a display device; and displaying joint information relating to the joint to be tested of the assembly via the display device.