A first abutting surface, a first welding surface, a first facing surface are formed in a differential case. A second abutting surface, a second welding surface, and a second facing surface are formed in a differential ring gear. In an installing step, the first abutting surface and the second abutting surface are inserted, positions of the differential case and the differential ring gear are determined in an axial direction, a separation portion that spaces the first welding surface and the second welding surface away from each other and that has a non-linear portion is formed, and a void is formed between the first facing surface and the second facing surface. In a welding step, a laser is irradiated to the separation portion and the first welding surface and the second welding surface are welded.

A pressure vessel includes: (a) a cylindrical sidewall having a wall thickness, an inside surface, an outside surface, and the cylindrical sidewall extending between a first end and a second end, wherein one of the first end or the second end includes a sidewall edge that forms part of an outwardly opening weld groove; (b) an end cap constructed to engage the cylindrical sidewall edge, the end cap comprising an end cap edge corresponding to the sidewall edge and that, when combined with the sidewall edge, forms the outwardly opening weld groove; (c) a cylindrically extending backer bar located in support of the outwardly opening weld groove formed by the sidewall edge and the end cap edge; and (d) a weld joint formed in the outwardly opening weld groove and holding the cylindrical sidewall to the end cap. A method for welding a pressure vessel sidewall and end cap together is provided.

A method for producing a piston for an internal combustion engine may include arranging a piston upper part and a piston lower part in a friction welding device. The piston upper part may include a piston head with a combustion recess. The piston lower part may include two mutually opposite skirt elements connected to one another via two mutually opposite pin bosses. The method may also include arranging a deflecting device configured to deflect at least one weld bead one of on and in the friction welding device. The method may further include joining the piston upper part and the piston lower part to one another via friction welding.

An ignition coil includes a not-illustrated coil, a plate assembly, and a case assembly. The plate assembly and the case assembly are combined with each other by laser welding at a recess and a rib (projection) which are respective abutting portions, thereby forming storage spaces for storing the coil.

A method of manufacturing a cylindrical cargo container includes: providing a plurality of rigid panels together formable into a cylindrical shell; forming a first semi-cylindrical shell from a first set of the panels; forming a second semi-cylindrical shell from a second set of the panels; forming the cylindrical shell from the first semi-cylindrical shell and the second semi-cylindrical shell; forming a collar conformably encircling the cylindrical shell; constricting the collar to compress joints formed at abutting edges of pairs of adjacent panels; rolling the cylindrical shell and collar to bring respective joints of pairs of panels to a lower position, and welding an inside seam of the joint when at the lower position; removing the collar from the cylindrical shell; and rolling the cylindrical shell to bring respective joints of pairs of panels to an upper position, and welding an outside of the joint when at the upper position.

A pipe body, wherein the pipe body (10) has a welded portion (11) at both ends of the pipe body, aligned in a widthwise direction of the pipe body (10). The thickness of the welded portion (11) decreases gradually from the inside to the outside of the pipe, and an outer end of the welded portion (11) is located at a center portion of the pipe body (10) in a thickness direction. The configuration of the welding structure enhances the strength of the welded portion of the pipe, so that the pipe will not crack easily when it is reworked by flaring or bending, thus having high reworkability. In addition, a pipe (100) made of the pipe body (10) and a method of making the pipe (100) are disclosed.

A corner fitting includes a sleeve body having a hollow inner space and configured to coaxially fit over a pipe member of a predetermined size. An edge of the sleeve body at a second distal end has a corner cut portion, a protruding tab, and two recesses, the protruding tab being diametrically opposed to the corner cut portion in the radial direction of the sleeve body, and the recesses being diametrically opposed to each other in the radial direction of the sleeve body. The corner cut portion is configured and shaped such that the sleeve body fits together with an identical sleeve body on the pipe member of the predetermined size with the corner cut portions of the two sleeve bodies contacting each other and with the pipe being nested between the protruding tabs of the second distal ends of the two sleeve bodies.

A method of friction welding a first component to a second component, the method having the steps of: rotating the first component relative to the second component about a rotation axis; and bringing the first component into contact with the second component; wherein, while the first component and the second component are in contact, a first average force is applied during a first stage of the friction welding process and a second average force is applied during a second stage of the friction welding process; and the second average force is different from the first average force.

A method of joining a first component to a second component at respective connection surfaces, comprising, in order, applying a local surface treatment to the connection surface of at least one of the first and second components in order to locally alter the microstructure to a depth of between 60 m and 10 mm below the connection surface; and joining the first component to the second component using a welding process.

A method of friction welding a workpiece to a fluid element includes the step of placing a workpiece weld surface in contact with a fluid element weld surface. The workpiece weld surface is driven in a predetermined pattern along the fluid element weld surface. Pressure is applied between the workpiece weld surface and the fluid element weld surface to produce friction and heat sufficient to raise the temperature of the weld surfaces to welding temperature. A weld bond is formed by stopping the driving of the workpiece weld surface while applying the pressure between the weld surfaces. Before and/or after the weld bond is formed, at least a portion of the workpiece is machined to form at least a portion of a fluid fitting configured to receive and sealingly attach to a pipe in a non-leaking manner to convey a flow of fluid therethrough.