A solder material capable of suppressing the occurrence of electromigration is provided.

The solder material is core ball 1A which comprises spherical core 2A composed of Cu or a Cu alloy, and solder layer 3A coating core 2A, and wherein solder layer 3A has:

a Cu content of 0.1 mass % or more and 3.0 mass % or less,

a Bi content of 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less,

a Ag content of 0 mass % or more and 4.5 mass % or less, and

a Ni content of 0 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less,

with Sn being the balance.

A method of attaching a first metal object to a second metal object is presented. The first metal object and the second metal object are dissimilar materials. The first metal object comprises an upper surface and a lower surface. The method comprises: positioning the first metal object in intimate contact with the second metal object such that the second metal object is in contact with the lower surface of the first metal object; identifying at least one attachment location on the upper surface of the first metal object where the first metal object is in intimate contact with the second metal object; adding a powdered metal on the upper surface of the first metal object at the at least one attachment location; and firing a heat source at the powdered metal to melt the powdered metal and drive the melted powdered metal through the first metal object and into the second metal object.

First steel material, a carbon sheet, and second steel material are put in a state of being separated from each other, and bonding parts are heated by, for example, applying current from a power supply to the carbon sheet. Alternatively, the bonding parts may be heated by an inductive heating coil. Thereafter, heating is terminated if the bonding parts reaching greater than or equal to the eutectic point and less than the liquidus line temperature is detected in the FeC phase diagram. Furthermore, the carbon sheet is made to be sandwiched between the first steel material and the second steel material.

Provided is a connection element comprising a tubular first part with a first ring-shaped connection face for connection with a highly heat resistant steel pipe and a tubular second part with a second ring-shaped connection face for connection with a first ferritic steel pipe; wherein the first part is of a corrosion resistant steel material and wherein the second part is of a ferritic steel material; wherein the first and second parts are in one-piece and formed such that a passage between the first and second ring-shaped connection faces is formed; and wherein the first and second parts are produced by an additive manufacturing process. Further provided are a pipe arrangement and a heat exchanger.

A weld joint and method of welding a joint in parts subject to expansion in use. The weld joint is between dissimilar steel alloys and a weldable nickel-base shim is located between faces of the steel alloys prior to welding by an electron beam. Embodiments of an expandable metal sleeve and a metal packer for use as an isolation barrier in a well, are described which include the weld joint.

A TIG welded joint in a high-Mn content steel material that can be formed with reduced occurrence of hot cracking during the welding process and has high strength and excellent cryogenic impact toughness. In the TIG welded joint, the high-Mn content steel material has a chemical composition including, by mass %, C: 0.10 to 0.80%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 18.0 to 30.0%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0070% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.070%, Cr: 2.5 to 7.0%, N: 0.0050 to 0.0500%, and O: 0.0050% or less, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and a weld metal has a chemical composition including C: 0.10 to 0.80%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 15.0 to 30.0%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.100% or less, Cr: 6.0 to 14.0%, and N: 0.100% or less, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.

A method produces at least one defined connecting layer between two components, wherein the first component is produced from a first metallic material and the second component is produced from a second metallic material and the first and/or second component has a coating of a third metallic material, the melting temperature of which is lower than the melting temperature of the first and second materials. In this case, the coating of at least one of the components is heated locally to a connecting temperature, which lies above the melting temperature of the third material and lies below the melting temperature of the first material and below the melting temperature of the second material, and is cooled down in order to form a defined connecting layer when the coating solidifies.

The present invention relates to an intermediate product for joining and coating by brazing comprising a base metal and a blend of boron and silicon, said base metal having a solidus temperature above 1040 C., and the intermediate product has at least partly a surface layer of the blend on the base metal, wherein the boron in the blend is selected from a boron source, and the silicon in the blend is selected from a silicon source, and wherein the blend comprises boron and silicon in a ratio of boron to silicon within a range from about 3:100 wt/wt to about 100:3 wt/wt. The present invention relates also to a stacked intermediate product, to an assembled intermediate product, to a method of brazing, to a brazed product, to a use of an intermediate product, to a pre-brazed product, to a blend and to paint.

Embodiments of an alloy that can be resistant to cracking. In some embodiments, the alloy can be advantageous for use as a hardfacing alloys, in both a diluted and undiluted state. Certain microstructural, thermodynamic, and performance criteria can be met by embodiments of the alloys that may make them advantageous for hardfacing.

A coating for a carrier material made of a steel material for joining to an aluminum material includes a first sublayer on the core part side and a second sublayer on the outside. On average, the coating includes approximately 1 to 10 wt. % silicon and iron, the remainder being aluminum. The first sublayer at least approximately includes 42 wt. % iron, 11 wt. % silicon, and no more than approximately 45 wt. % aluminum, which constitutes the remainder, and has a thickness of no more than approximately 3.5 m. The second sublayer includes approximately 1 to 10 wt. % silicon, the remainder being aluminum, and has a thickness of approximately 5 to approximately 95 mm.