A dual hardness steel article comprises a first air hardenable steel alloy having a first hardness metallurgically bonded to a second air hardenable steel alloy having a second hardness. A method of manufacturing a dual hard steel article comprises providing a first air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a first mating surface and having a first part hardness, and providing a second air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a second mating surface and having a second part hardness. The first air hardenable steel alloy part is metallurgically secured to the second air hardenable steel alloy part to form a metallurgically secured assembly, and the metallurgically secured assembly is hot rolled to provide a metallurgical bond between the first mating surface and the second mating surface.

A method is disclosed for joining two components (1, 2), a first component (I) and a second component (2), in the region of a joint zone by means of at least one laser beam. In a first phase, the first component (I) is melted, and a melt lens is formed in the first component (I) from the molten material (9). In a second phase, at least one pressure pulse is applied to the melt in the direction of the second component (2) until the melt lens is deflected into the joint gap as a result of the pressure pulse, bridges the joint gap, and comes into contact with the second component (2), and energy is transmitted to the second component (2) as a result of the melt lens coming into contact with the second component. A temperature curve results in the second component (2) as a result of the energy transmission such that the melting temperature is reached on the upper face of the second component (2), and a melt film is formed. The heat penetration depth is set such that a damaging temperature which damages the second component (2) is not exceeded at a specified depth. A method for generating a continuous joint seam is also disclosed.

The present invention pertains to: a method for arc spot welding a steel plate having a carbon equivalent CeqBM of 0.35 or more (the carbon equivalent CeqBM is defined in the specification), the method being characterized in that a welding wire containing 98.5 mass % or more of Fe is used, and the ratio between the carbon equivalent CeqWM of a weld metal formed by the method (the carbon equivalent CeqWM of the weld metal is defined in the specification) and the carbon equivalent CeqBM of the steel plate, CeqWM/CeqBM is 0.2-1.0. According to the arc spot welding method, brittle fracture can be prevented and high joint strength can be obtained even when the C content in the steel plate is high.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing using foil-based build materials. Such methods and apparatuses eliminate several drawbacks of conventional powder-based methods, including powder handling, recoater jams, and health risks. In addition, the present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for compensation of in-process warping of build plates and foil-based build materials, in-process monitoring, and closed loop control.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing using foil-based build materials. Such methods and apparatuses eliminate several drawbacks of conventional powder-based methods, including powder handling, recoater jams, and health risks. In addition, the present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for compensation of in-process warping of build plates and foil-based build materials, in-process monitoring, and closed loop control.

An electrode in which the metallurgical structure of the active surface includes incoherent chromium precipitates, more than 90% of which have a surface of projection of less than 1 m.sup.2, the incoherent chromium precipitates having a size at least between 10 and 50 nm. The electrode further has a fibrous structure that is visible in a cross-section of the active surface of the electrode following surfacing and chemical etching. The fibrous structure includes a plurality of radial fibers having a thickness of less than 1 mm and of a substantially central fiberless region that has a diameter of less than 3 mm. The electrical conductivity of the electrode is greater than 85% IUPAC. The method for obtaining the electrode in a continuous casting process as well as to a use of the electrode in a resistive spot welding process.

The disclosed technology generally relates to consumable electrode wires and more particularly to consumable electrode wires having a core-shell structure, where the core comprises chromium. In one aspect, a welding wire comprises a sheath having a steel composition and a core surrounded by the sheath. The core comprises chromium (Cr) at a concentration between about 12 weight % and about 18 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, manganese (Mn) at a concentration between about 12 weight % and about 18 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, nickel (Ni) at a concentration between zero and about 5 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, and carbon (C) at a concentration greater than zero weight %, wherein concentrations of Ni, C and Mn are such that [Ni]+30[C]+0.5[Mn] is less than about 12 weight %, wherein [Ni], [C], and [Mn] represent weight percentages of respective elements on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire. The disclosed technology also relates to welding methods and systems adapted for using the chromium-comprising electrode wires.

A austenitic stainless steel weld metal which has a chemical composition consisting of, by mass %, C: 0.01 to 0.10%, Si: 0.20 to 0.70%, Mn: 0.8 to 2.5%, P: 0.035% or less, S: 0.0030% or less, Cu: 0.01 to 0.60%, Co: 0.01 to 1.00%, Ni: 8.0 to 12.0%, Cr: 14.5 to 17.5%, Mo: 1.0 to 2.2%, N: 0.02 to 0.10%, Al: 0.030% or less, O: 0.020% or less, Sn: 0 to 0.01%, Sb: 0 to 0.01%, As: 0 to 0.01%, Bi: 0 to 0.01%, V: 0 to 0.10%, Nb: 0 to 0.10%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, W: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.005%, Ca: 0 to 0.010%, Mg: 0 to 0.010% and REM: 0 to 0.10%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying [17.5Cr+Mo+1.5Si19.5] and [11.0Ni+30(C+N)+0.5(Mn+Cu+Co)17.0].

A hybrid electroslag cladding method includes the steps of: providing a workpiece (6) to be cladded; guiding a strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6); cladding the strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6) using electroslag cladding; guiding a metal cored hybrid electroslag cladding wire (7) into the weld puddle (9) of the strip electrode (4) for controlling the chemical composition of the cladding.

An additively manufactured object formed by depositing weld bead layers, each of the weld bead layers being obtained by melting and solidifying a filler metal made of a mild steel, the additively manufactured object includes a plurality of the weld bead layers having a ferrite phase with an average grain diameter of 11 m or less in a part except for a surface oxide film.