Heat exchange tubes of a heat exchanger are formed of an alloy containing Mn (0.2 to 0.3 mass %), Cu (0.1 mass % or less), and Fe (0.2 mass % or less), the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. A Zn diffused layer is formed in an outer surface layer portion of the peripheral wall of each heat exchange tube. T200, 0.57A1.5, D/T0.55, and 0.0055A/D0.025 are satisfied, where T is the thickness [m] of the peripheral wall of the heat exchange tube, A is the Zn concentration [mass %] at the outermost surface of the outer surface layer portion, and D is the maximum depth [m] of the Zn diffused layer. The spontaneous potential of the Zn diffused layer is lower than that of a portion of the peripheral wall located on the inner side of the Zn diffused layer.

A panel with an optically transmissive portion includes a group of holes drilled from one surface to another surface and filled with an optically transmissive material. The group of holes forms a pattern. The holes on a first surface form a smooth and continuous appearance to the naked eye. The holes on the other, second surface are sized so that a light source directed to the second surface illuminates the pattern to be visible to a viewer viewing the first surface. The panel may form a portion of a housing that houses the light source.

In one embodiment, a plasma etching system may include a process gas source, a plasma processing chamber, and a gas supply conduit. A plasma can be formed from a process gas recipe in the plasma processing chamber. The gas supply conduit may include a corrosion resistant layered structure forming an inner recipe contacting surface and an outer environment contacting surface. The corrosion resistant layered structure may include a protective silicon layer, a passivated coupling layer and a stainless steel layer. The inner recipe contacting surface can be formed by the protective silicon layer. The passivated coupling layer can be disposed between the protective silicon layer and the stainless steel layer. The passivated coupling layer can include chrome oxide and iron oxide. The chrome oxide can be more abundant in the passivated coupling layer than the iron oxide.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

The present application describes a method for joining two anodized elements by friction stir welding. This method for joining a first element to a second element comprises a step of anodizing the first element, a step of anodizing the second element, and a step of producing a weld seam by friction stir welding the first element to the second element.

A repair method is a repair method of a rotor including a rotor body extending in an axial direction about an axis and a plurality of impellers arranged in the axial direction and fixed to the rotor body, the repair method including: a step of performing welding on a repair area of the rotor body to fill a damaged portion with a welded portion; a step of performing heat treatment only on the repair area in the rotor after the welding is performed; and a step of scraping a part of the welded portion after the heat treatment is performed, to form a processing surface smoothly connected to an outer surface.

It is disclosed that a support plate configured to enable the flow of ions during electroless plating or electrolytic plating to allow surface treatment on an inner flow path, a method of manufacturing the support plate and a substrate processing device having the support plate. A support plate includes an upper plate, a lower plate, and a stopper member. The lower plate has a formed inner flow path, disposed to face the upper plate, and has a plurality of penetration holes formed corresponding to each of the inflection points of the inner flow path. The stopper member is inserted into the penetration hole in a state in which the upper plate and the lower plate are bonded to each other. Therefore, by forming a separate penetration hole in a structure in which coating or plating of the inner flow path is not possible, the flow of ions during electroless plating or electrolytic plating is possible and surface treatment is possible.

A resistance spot welded joint is formed by resistance-spot-welding a plurality of steel sheets including at least one high strength steel sheet. The high strength steel sheet has a specific chemical composition, and the microstructure of a nugget edge region includes ferrite at an area fraction of 1% or more with respect to the total area of the nugget edge region. The hardness Hv of a softest portion of the nugget edge region and the hardness Hvm of a central portion of the nugget satisfy the relation 0.90Hvm>Hv, and the hardness Hvh of a HAZ softened region and the hardness Hvm of the central portion of the nugget satisfy the relation 0.90Hvm>Hvh.

A pre-coated steel substrate wherein the coating including at least one titanate and at least one nanoparticle; a method for the manufacture of an assembly; a method for the manufacture of a coated steel substrate and a coated substrate substrate. It is particularly well suited for construction, shipbuilding and offshore industries.

A method of laser processing a coated substrate having a coating later disposed on a transparent workpiece that includes determining an optical characteristic of the coating layer and selecting a beam path for a pulsed laser beam based on the optical characteristic. The beam path is selected a polarization-adjusting beam path and a frequency-adjusting beam path. The method also includes directing the pulsed laser beam down the selected beam path to form a modified pulsed laser beam and directing the modified pulsed laser beam into the transparent workpiece, where the modified pulsed laser beam forms a laser beam focal line that induces absorption in the transparent workpiece to produce a defect in the transparent workpiece. The laser beam focal line includes a wavelength , a spot size w.sub.o, and a Rayleigh range Z.sub.R that is greater than $F_D\frac{w_o^2}{},$
where F.sub.D is a dimensionless divergence factor.