A process for treating a fused refractory product including more than 10% by mass of ZrO.sub.2, or “base product.” The process includes heating at least a portion of the surface of the product, so as to melt ZrO.sub.2 crystals in a superficial region extending to a depth of less than 2000 μm. The process includes cooling the molten superficial region obtained in the preceding step so as to obtain a protective layer.

The invention relates to a device for roughening cylinder bores using a beam tool and offering a very high level of process reliability even for a large quantity.

Structures for a tool surface of a downhole tool are constructed from a metal clay molded in a wet state. The wet state clay is a workable combination that can have a braze alloy grain, a tungsten carbide grain, and a binder. Additional cutting inserts can be embedded in the molded clay. Heat treatment applied to the molded metal clay causing the binder to be combusted and consumed. The braze alloy melts and then cools into a fused state with the tungsten carbide grain therein. The structure can affix to the tool surface of the tool by first being fused and then attached by brazing to the tool. Alternatively, the structure can be positioned in a fusible state adjacent the tool surface. When the heat treatment is applied, the structure fuses together and forms a metallurgical bond with the tool surface of the tool.

Presented are metalworking systems for joining metallic workpieces, methods for forming and welding such workpieces, and lithium-ion battery pouch cells with anodized aluminum tabs joined via knurling and laser welding. A method for laser welding abutting sections of a workpiece or stackup of workpieces includes receiving, via a workpiece support frame, one or more metallic workpieces each with a surface having applied thereto a treatment layer. This treatment layer releases a gas during welding. A metalworking device forms a knurl pattern into the workpiece surface with the treatment layer. The knurl pattern includes a network of channels, such as one or more series of mutually parallel, rectilinear vent channels, designed to exhaust therethrough the gas released from a welded section of the treatment layer. A laser welding device thereafter welds a joint region of the surface(s) of the one or more metallic workpiece with the knurl pattern.

A welding method for manufacturing a heat sink has the following steps in sequence: removing rust from a first workpiece and a second workpiece, degreasing the first workpiece and the second workpiece, increasing surface roughness of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, performing a copper supersonic cold spray step to the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and then combining the first workpiece and the second workpiece via welding. With the copper supersonic cold spray step and the surface treatment steps before the copper supersonic cold spray step (i.e. rust removal and degreasing, and surface roughness increasing), the solder can be attached to the workpiece tightly in the combining via welding. Thus, the welded workpieces are combined firmly and not be separated easily. If a heat sink component is made through welding workpieces in the welding method, the heat sink component has higher strength and cannot be destroyed easily.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

A welding assembly including a current generator, a first electrode electrically coupled to the current generator, the first electrode including a first engagement surface, a second electrode electrically coupled to the current generator, the second electrode including a second engagement surface, a width-determining fixture positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode to define a welding volume having a width, and an electrically nonconductive material positioned to electrically insulate at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode from an electrical conductor outside the width.

A method of making a semiconductor including soldering a conductor to an aluminum metallization is disclosed. In one example, the method includes substituting an aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum metallization by a substitute metal oxide layer or a substitute metal alloy oxide layer. Then, substitute metal oxides in the substitute metal oxide layer or the substitute metal alloy oxide layer are at least partly reduced. The conductor is soldered to the aluminum metallization using a solder material.

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to laser-based methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring and controlling in real time the precise amount of material removal from a composite substrate surface via laser-based material removal systems and controlling coating removal for livery rework using LIBS or Raman spectroscopy methodologies to monitor and control the material removal.

A method of making a semiconductor including soldering a conductor to an aluminum metallization is disclosed. In one example, the method includes substituting an aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum metallization by a substitute metal oxide layer or a substitute metal alloy oxide layer. Then, substitute metal oxides in the substitute metal oxide layer or the substitute metal alloy oxide layer are at least partly reduced. The conductor is soldered to the aluminum metallization using a solder material.