A cast part includes a metallic functional region. The functional region extends in a first direction from a first side to a second side of the cast part. The cast part has a surrounding region at least partially surrounding the functional region. The functional region is shaped by a friction-based process. Further disclosed is a piece of equipment, such as an electrical machine which includes a further component and a device for securing the further component against twisting. The device has a connection between the functional region of the cast part and the further component.

A welded assembly includes a first sheet and a second sheet. The second sheet is disposed over a portion of the first sheet and defines an overlap portion between the first and second sheets. A weld fastening the second sheet to the first sheet in the overlap area connects the second sheet to the first sheet for distributing stress uniformly across a welded portion of the overlap area.

A weldment includes a first component, a second component, and a weld joint coupling the first and second components together. The weld joint forms a heat affected zone in the first component and creates residual tensile stress in the first component. The first and second components cooperate to define a pocket configured to position a highest magnitude of the residual tensile stress in the first component in a location that is outside of the heat affected zone of the first component.

A method and a system of balancing a shaft for an axle assembly. The method may include using an electrical resistance welder to weld a balance weight to a shaft proximate an imbalance location using an insert or brazing material. The insert material may have a lower liquidus temperature than a liquidus temperatures of the shaft and balancing weight.

A method and system to manufacture workpieces employing a high intensity energy source to create a puddle and at least one resistively heated wire which is heated to at or near its melting temperature and deposited into the puddle as droplets.

A method of blackening a surface, comprises applying laser radiation to the surface of a target (10) to produce a periodic arrangement of structures on the surface of the target (10), wherein the laser radiation comprises pulsed laser radiation comprising a series of laser pulses and the power density of the pulses is in a range 2 GW/cm.sup.2 to 50 GW/cm.sup.2 or 0.1 TW/cm.sup.2 to 3 TW/cm.sup.2, and/or a pulse duration between 200 femtoseconds to 1000 picoseconds.

A method of reducing photoelectron yield (PEY) and/or secondary electron yield (SEY) of a surface of a target (10), comprises applying laser radiation to the surface of the target (10) to produce a periodic arrangement of structures on the surface, wherein the laser radiation comprises pulsed laser radiation comprising a series of laser pulses and the power density of the pulses is in a range 0.01 TW/cm.sup.2 to 3 TW/cm.sup.2, optionally 0.1 TW/cm.sup.2 to 3 TW/cm.sup.2.

Provided is a managed article that allows an engraved code to be excellently detected. An engraved code 11including a plurality of dot dented portions 15 is forced: on a managed article 10. The engraved code 11 includes. An opening peripheral edge portion 22 of each of the dot dented portions 15 has a quadrilateral shape. This configuration leads to detection of the dot dented portion as a quadrilateral dot. Therefore, this configuration allows the engraved code to be excellently detected.

A method to restore a cast iron part is provided. The method includes providing the cast iron part with an impaired surface. The method further includes depositing a layer of repair material on the impaired surface of the cast iron part. The method further includes exposing the layer of repair material to heat to generate a cladding layer. The method further includes cooling the cladding layer.

A system of components includes a first component including a first joint portion, and a second component including a second joint portion abutting the first component. At least one of the first and second components is formed from cast iron. The first joint portion and the second joint portion, when aligned, form a V-Shaped groove having a groove opening, a groove bottom angle of between about 10 and about 20 and a weld nugget envelope defined therebetween. The groove opening is wider than an outer diameter of a filler wire employed to form a metallurgical bond between the first component and the second component.