The metal alloy is a possible replacement for/alternative to cupronickel cladding material used on currently-circulating clad coins. In the preferred embodiment, the (steel) metal alloy cladding material comprises 73-77% iron, 22-26% nickel, 0.2-0.5% carbon, and 1-5% manganese. The cladding material has an International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) conductivity of less than 2%, a permeability of approximately 1.0-1.1, and a hardness value of 50-70 HRC 15 T (Rockwell Hardness). In alternative embodiments, the steel alloy comprises a monolithic coin or a core that may be plated with other metals.

A negative electrode for an electrochemical cell of a lithium metal battery may be manufactured by welding together a lithium metal layer and a metallic current collector layer. The lithium metal layer and the current collector layer may be arranged adjacent one another and in an at least partially lapped configuration such that faying surfaces of the layers confront one another and establish a faying interface therebetween at a weld site. A laser beam may be directed at an outer surface of the current collector layer at the weld site to melt a portion of the lithium metal layer adjacent the faying surface of the current collector layer and produce a lithium metal molten weld pool. The laser beam may be terminated to solidify the molten weld pool into a solid weld joint that physically bonds the lithium metal layer and the current collector layer together at the weld site.

A heating module of an electronic cigarette atomizer includes a ceramic rod, a connecting element and a heating wire. The heating wire is wound around the ceramic rod, the connecting element is connected to two ends of the heating wire respectively, and the ceramic rod is of a hollow micro-porous structure.

A sliding component and its producing method are provided. The sliding component includes a base section made of steel or cast iron, and a sliding section having a sliding surface, made of copper alloy including hard particles, and joined to the base section. The hard particles in the sliding section are arranged such that those in a region including an outer periphery of the interface with the base section have their longitudinal directions coinciding with the directions along the outer periphery as compared to those in an inner peripheral side. This improves the durability of the sliding section in its region including the outer periphery of the interface with the base section.

The present invention relates to a tube for transporting fluids in seawater. The tube has a tubular body formed of an alloy selected from duplex stainless steel, superduplex stainless steel, a ferritic steel, a martensitic steel or a nickel superalloy and a layer configured to protect the tube from hydrogen induced stress cracking arranged on an outer surface of the tubular body. The layer is formed of an alloy having a copper content of 50-95 wt % and a nickel content of 5-50 wt %. The tube has a metallurgical bond, formed in the solid state, at an interface between the tubular body and the layer. The metallurgical bond is formed by a hot isostatic pressing process for a predetermined time at a predetermined pressure and a predetermined temperature. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a tube. The present invention also relates to a subsea arrangement.

The present disclosure relates to a method of welding a tab to a terminal using a laser welding system. The laser welding system comprises a single-mode infra-red laser. The method comprises placing the tab in contact with the terminal of the cell, and welding the tab to the terminal by controlling the laser beam to produce a weld path having a predetermined shape. During welding, the system is configured to control the beam to oscillate elliptically about a centreline of the predetermined shape, wherein the oscillations comprise a first component in a direction tangential parallel to the weld path and a second component in a direction normal to the weld path.

The method is for manufacturing a clad material (30), which includes: clad rolling for rolling and bonding a first metal plate (131) made of stainless steel, a second metal plate (132) made of Cu or a Cu alloy, and a third metal plate (133) made of stainless steel in a state in which the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and the third metal plate are stacked in this order. The clad rolling is performed with a pressure-bonding load of 4.4?10.sup.3 N/mm or more. The second layer is made of Cu or a Cu alloy. The third layer is made of stainless steel. The clad material has an overall thickness of 1 mm or less.

A hanger bar for an electrowinning cell, wherein hanger bar includes a bar portion and one or more contact portions adapted, in use, to be brought into contact with an electrical conductor. The contact portions are fabricated from an electrically conductive material, and a welded seal is formed between the bar portion and the contact portions in order to minimize corrosion.

A welding method includes: heating a second metal by a heater, the second metal having a melting point higher than that of a first metal; welding the first metal and the second metal in accordance with a heat amount to melt the first metal in a state where the second. metal is heated

A laser welding process arranged to join each of a plurality of connection tabs to a respective one of a plurality of terminals comprises: a positioning step which sets in space, with respect to a first axis, respective positions of each connection tab and cell terminal; a measuring step comprising obtaining measurements indicative of the first axis position of each connection tab; and a welding step comprising determining, in accordance with the measurements, a respective focus distance to be used for the welding laser beam in joining each of the connection tabs to its respective cell terminal and, using the relevant respective laser beam focus distance determined, welding, in turn, each connection tab to its respective cell terminal.