Provided are a method for reducing the off-target effect of a single-base editor, and a method (GOTI) for analyzing the targeting effect of a gene editing tool or a gene editing operation.

The present invention relates to pyrazine derivatives such as those represented by Formulas I and II. X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 formulas I and II may be characterized as electron withdrawing groups, white Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.4 of Formulas I and II may be characterized as electron donating groups. Pyrazine derivatives of the present invention may be utilized in assessing organ (e.g., kidney) function. In a particular example, an effective amount of a pyrazine derivative that is capable of being renally cleared may be administered into a patient's body. The pyrazine derivative may capable of one or both absorbing and emanating spectral energy of at least about 400 nm (e.g., visible and/or infrared light). At least some of the derivative that is in the body may be exposed to spectral energy and, in turn, spectral energy may emanate from the derivative. This emanating spectral energy may be detected and utilized to determine renal function of the patient.

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Provided herein are synthetic scaffolds engineered to function as a pre-metastatic niche to detect metastasis. In particular, synthetic scaffolds described herein provide detection of the earliest events in metastasis, thereby enabling treatment of metastasis before the disease burden increases.

The invention relates to water soluble .sup.18F-prosthetic groups and the synthesis and use of .sup.18F-labeled biological molecules containing the .sup.18F-prosthetic groups for imaging various processes within the body, for detecting the location of molecules associated with disease pathology, and for monitoring disease progression are disclosed.

The present invention is directed to benzazepin-1,7-diol-derived compounds (I) for use in the diagnosis of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-associated diseases or disorders by positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), liquid based-scintillation- and/or autoradiography-based assays. The invention also relates to a method for the diagnosis of NMDA receptor-associated diseases or disorders by administering to a patient or a sample of a patient in need of such diagnosis a compound of the invention in an amount effective for PET imaging, SPECT imaging, liquid based-scintillation- and/or autoradiography-based assays of NMDA receptors, recording at least one PET or SPECT scan, liquid based-scintillation or autoradiography result, and diagnosing an NMDA receptor-associated disease or disorder from an abnormal NMDA receptor expression pattern on the PET or SPECT scan, in the liquid based-scintillation or autoradiography result. The present invention also provides a method for evaluating a putative NMDA-receptor antagonist in a liquid scintigraphy detection assay or an autoradiography assay using the compounds of the present invention.

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The present invention provides methods for generating a mouse model that produces anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies. Also provided are mice generated by said methods and methods of using these mice to screen PEG-containing products in vivo.

The present invention relates to novel tricarbocyanine-cyclodextrin(s) conjugates useful as markers in the diagnosis of kidney diseases, a diagnostic composition comprising said conjugates, their use and their production.

Compositions, kits, and methods for indicating a symptom of a disease. The composition may include one or more components having a taste or smell property as an indicator of a symptom of a disease. When applied to a user's tongue or mouth, detection or lack of detection of the taste or smell property may indicate a person has temporarily lost his/her sense of smell or taste as a result of a disease, particularly COVID-19 infection or exposure.

The invention provides unique therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies, as well as their fragments, portions, derivatives, and variants thereof, that bind regions of the tau protein that contribute to the initiation and propagation of pathological tau-tau interactions, as well as methods of making them. The invention also relates to methods of using those antibodies for diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. The present invention also provides a method for a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. This method entails the injection of antibodies and/or pep tide vaccines that elicits an immune response directed to pathological tau proteins and tau deposits in the brains of patients. Suitable vaccines represent a tau peptide carrying one or more of the tau therapeutic epitopes provided herein.

The present invention relates to a prebiotic composition comprising a galacto oligosaccharide (GOS) produced from Lactobacillus plantarum, wherein the GOS acts as a selective growth medium for a chosen Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic bacterial strain, and wherein the GOS is substantially the same as the form produced by reverse β-galactosidase reaction in the chosen probiotic bacterial strain. The present invention also relates to methods of producing GOS and related composition incorporating the GOS.