An apparatus for countercurrent exchange, including: a conduit, including: a side wall; an inner space; an air outlet disposed on a first end of the conduit; a liquid miniaturization device disposed in the inner space of the conduit near the air outlet, wherein the liquid miniaturization device is used to spray a liquid in a liquid direction; an air intake disposed on the side wall near a second end of the conduit; and a reservoir portion disposed in the inner space near the second end of the conduit for storing the liquid; a pneumatic conveyor connected with the air intake for introducing air into the conduit along an air flow direction; and a pumping device connected with the reservoir portion by a first tube, wherein the liquid direction is opposite to the air flow direction in the conduit.

Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.

A method of manufacturing an aqueous freshening composition having a plurality of particles suspended by a structurant system is provided. The method includes the steps of: mixing an aqueous carrier and at least 80 wt. % of ion-forming water-soluble ingredients of the freshening composition to form an aqueous premix; subsequently mixing a first polysaccharide into the aqueous premix; mixing a second polysaccharide into the aqueous premix after mixing the first polysaccharide into the aqueous premix to form a structured aqueous composition; and dispersing a plurality of particles into the structured aqueous composition to form the freshening composition.

Afforded is a spray apparatus that enables the large-volume generation of fine particles having particle diameters minute to a level that can give rise to Brownian motion. A spray apparatus of the present invention is furnished with: an atomization tank 11; an atomizing device 12; a blower 13 that blows air through a blow port 11b; and send-out port 11c; a first baffle plate 14a and a second baffle plate 14b, connected to an inner side of a top panel of the atomization tank. The first baffle plate 14a is furnished with a first edge piece 14ae disposed spaced apart at a predetermined spacing from an inner face of the atomization tank 11 along one widthwise end thereof, and the blow port 11b is arranged to the one widthwise end of a connection piece 14ac between the first baffle plate 14a and the atomization tank 11. The second baffle plate 14b is furnished with a second edge piece 14be disposed spaced apart at a predetermined spacing from the inner face of the atomization tank 11 along the other widthwise end thereof, and the blow port 11c is arranged to the other widthwise end of a connection piece 14bc between the second baffle plate 14b and the atomization tank 11.

Afforded is a spraying apparatus that enables the large-volume generation of fine particles having particle diameters minute to a level that can give rise to Brownian motion. A spraying apparatus of the present invention is furnished with: an atomization tank 11 enabled for storing a liquid formulation; an atomizing device 12 being ultrasonic vibration elements arranged in the atomization tank interior, for atomizing the liquid formulation to generate fine particles; a blower 13 furnished with a blower element enabled for maintaining predetermined rpm, for blasting into the atomization tank interior, through a blow port 11b provided in the atomization tank, conveyance air that is for conveying the fine particles of the liquid formulation; a send-out port 11c, provided in the atomization tank, through which the fine particles are sent out together with the conveyance air; and a baffle plate 14a arranged in the atomization tank interior; wherein with one end part of the baffle plate 14a being spaced apart at a predetermined spacing from the inner surface of the atomization tank, the other end part is connected to the inner side of the atomization tank, and meanwhile, the baffle plate 14a is arranged so as to receive, at a surface on one side thereof, conveyance air through the blow port, and to receive, at a surface on the other side thereof, liquid columns of the liquid formulation, generated by the ultrasonic vibration elements.

Afforded is a spraying apparatus that enables the large-volume generation of fine particles having particle diameters minute to a level that can give rise to Brownian motion. A spraying apparatus of the present invention is furnished with: an atomization tank 11 enabled for storing a liquid formulation; an atomizing device 12 being ultrasonic vibration elements arranged in the atomization tank interior, for atomizing the liquid formulation to generate fine particles; a blower 13 furnished with a blower element enabled for maintaining predetermined rpm, for blasting into the atomization tank interior, through a blow port 11b provided in the atomization tank, conveyance air that is for conveying the fine particles of the liquid formulation; a send-out port 11c, provided in the atomization tank, through which the fine particles are sent out together with the conveyance air; and a baffle plate 14a arranged in the atomization tank interior; wherein with one end part of the baffle plate 14a being spaced apart at a predetermined spacing from the inner surface of the atomization tank, the other end part is connected to the inner side of the atomization tank, and meanwhile, the baffle plate 14a is arranged so as to receive, at a surface on one side thereof, conveyance air through the blow port, and to receive, at a surface on the other side thereof, liquid columns of the liquid formulation, generated by the ultrasonic vibration elements.

The present invention relates to the use of an ion exchanger for the removal and/or reduction of biological contaminants, such as viruses, bacteria and fungal spores, in gases and gas streams, such as room air and breathing air, and a corresponding method. In certain embodiments, the ion exchanger is a cation exchanger partially or substantially completely loaded with H.sup.+ ions or an anion exchanger partially or substantially completely loaded with OH.sup.− ions. Additionally or alternatively, the ion exchanger may be loaded with transition metal ions, such as titanium, copper and/or silver ions.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for producing one or more of trioxygen, hydrogen and its ions, oxygen and its ions, hydrons, hydroperoxyls, and electronically modified oxygen derivatives from oxidizing agents that are exposed to photon emissions at a wavelength in a range of 0.01 nm to 845 nm, wherein wavelengths that photo-dissociate trioxygen may be excluded. The methods, systems and apparatuses enhance the effectiveness of photo-oxidation, photocatalytic, and/or photochemical combined with photocatalytic reactions.

The user gesture data collection system (100), comprises: - a portable (105) fragrance delivery device, - a relative positioning tracker (110) configured to detect the positioning of the portable fragrance device relative a facial feature of a user and - a data storing means (115) storing data based on the relative positioning detected.

Protective breathing apparatus incorporates a powered air pump which introduces potentially contaminated air from the atmosphere to the ‘process chamber’. The process chamber are composed of a filter and disinfectant solution such as soap, alcohol by adding the solution mixed with the contaminated air passes through the filter to catch a virus in the inlet air to separate the processed air and solution. Furthermore the processed air can be heated and/or be exposed to UV light, the air is then forced to pass through a disinfectant into a centrifuge. The centrifuge then spins the disinfected air forcing the air through a filter, the air then passes a mechanical filter resulting in purified air that flows through conduit means into a transparent plastic breathing hood containing the wearer's head. The hood is secured by a neck band around the wearer's neck. Newly purified air in the breathing hood is distributed and circulated throughout the hood's interior, the current of air holds the hood out of contact with the wearer's head. After the purified air has been inhaled and exhaled by the wearer, it is expelled through an exhaust port in the breathing hood. The exhaled air has potential to be contaminated. The exhaust air travels through conduit means back to the process chamber, this redirected exhaust air is purified before its release back into the atmosphere so no contaminates are expelled into the atmosphere. Optional provision is made for adjusting the temperature of the newly purified air for optimal user comfort, and for a plurality of breathing hoods to be supplied by a single air purifying device.

The above device can be stationary without the breathing hood. Similar to a dust cleaner, but it can kill the virus.