Provided is a robot wrist structure provided with a first wrist element, a second wrist element, and a third wrist element. The first wrist element is provided with a casing having a hollow structure, two driving motors that drive the second wrist element and the third wrist element, and a conduit member that allows wiring to pass therethrough from an arm-side to a second-wrist-element-side in a direction along a first axis. A first opening and a second opening are provided in a first side wall and a second side wall that are positioned on either side of a reference plane. The first opening is large enough to allow the driving motors to pass therethrough. Centers of rotation shafts of the two driving motors are disposed between the first side wall and the reference plane. The conduit member is disposed between the second side wall. The wiring bypasses the driving motors.

Provided is an industrial robot that includes: a second arm that is provided, at the distal end of a first arm pivotable about a first axis, in a pivotable manner about a second axis parallel to the first axis; and a wrist that is disposed at the distal end of the second arm and that has a plurality of wrist elements, and including the first wrist element provided in a rotatable manner about a longitudinal axis of the second arm. Motors and that drive the wrist elements, are accommodated in a space inside the first wrist element. The second arm is provided with a hollow portion that communicates with the space. A cable to be wired to the motors is wired into the hollow portion from the outside of the second arm and is relayed by a connector fixed to the wall section at the position of the through-hole.

A robot includes a robot controller that is designed and configured to execute a robot program, and a robot arm having at least three joints connected by links and a number of drives corresponding to the at least three joints. Each drive is designed to adjust one of the at least three joints allocated to the drive. The joints can be actuated in an automated manner in accordance with the robot program or in a manual drive mode by the robot controller to automatically adjust the associated joint, wherein at least one of the links includes a force measuring device designed to measure a force on the link in a predetermined direction.

A working device includes: a linear motion unit having three degrees of freedom and obtained by combining three linear motion actuators; and a rotary unit having three degrees of freedom and obtained by combining a plurality of rotating mechanisms each having one or more rotational degrees of freedom. The linear motion unit is mounted on a mount such that a base portion of the linear motion unit is fixed to the mount. A base portion of the rotary unit is fixedly mounted on an output portion of the linear motion unit. End effectors are mounted on both the output portion of the linear motion unit and an output portion of the rotary unit.

A working device has a configuration with seven degrees of freedom, and is configured to perform work using an end effector. The working device includes: a linear motion unit having three degrees of freedom; a rotary unit having three degrees of freedom; and a rotary drive mechanism having one degree of freedom. The rotary drive mechanism is configured to rotate the rotary unit relative to the linear motion unit. The linear motion unit is mounted on a mount such that a base portion thereof is fixed to the mount. The rotary drive mechanism is mounted on an output portion of the linear motion unit. The rotary unit is mounted on an output portion of the rotary drive mechanism. The end effector is mounted on an output portion of the rotary unit.

There is provided a robot arm that includes a proximal unit and a distal unit configured to be connected to the proximal unit, the proximal unit having a multiple-connection interface connectable to a plurality of types of distal units different in shape. The connection interface is provided in an end face of the proximal unit with an annular connection interface disposed concentrically.

A micromanipulator for mounting on the end of a macromanipulator, the micromanipulator comprising: a connection plate with a at least a first and second motor connected to a rigidly mounted base section, a first rotational section connected to the base section about a pivotable axis, the first rotational section being further connected to a slider rod which is connected to the first motor, and a second rotational section connected to the first rotational section about a pivotable axis, the second rotational section being further connected to a slider rod which is connected to the second motor and wherein the rotational joints between the base section and first joint section and the rotational joint between the first and second rotational sections are offset by 90?.

A first transmission path includes a joint rotation member (13A) provided in a joint (J1) of an arm (Ar) and rotatable around a first axial line (Ax1), and a connection shaft portion (14A) that transmits rotation of an electric motor (11A) to the joint rotation member (13A). A second transmission path includes a joint gear (13B) provided in the joint (J1) of the arm (Ar) and rotatable around the first axial line (Ax1), and a connection shaft portion (14B) that transmits rotation of another electric motor (11B) to the joint gear (13B). Both of the connection shaft portion (14A) and the connection shaft portion (14B) are rotatable around the first axial line (Ax1), and the connection shaft portion (14B) is disposed on the inner side of the connection shaft portion (14A). The joint gear (13B) is kept in engagement with a joint gear (15B) rotatable around a second axial line (Ax2) intersecting with the first axial line (Ax1). According to this structure, two movements of the arm (Ar) are permitted, and besides the exercise performance of the arm (Ar) can be improved.

A three-rotational-degree-of-freedom connection mechanism required for a robot that can make motion similar to a human has a simple structure, and there is no restriction on motion within a movable range. The three-rotational-degree-of-freedom connection mechanism includes a joint connecting a second member rotatably to a first member with three rotational degrees of freedom including rotation around a torsion axis, three actuators each including variable length links having a variable length, and power sources for generating force changing the lengths of variable length links and three first-member-side link attaching units provided in first member and the second-member-side link attaching units provided on the second member such that variable length links having a twisted relationship with respect to a torsion axis exist in each state within a movable range of joint.

A robot wrist structure includes a first wrist element, a second wrist element, and a third wrist element which are respectively rotatable about a first axis to a third axis; drive motors for the second and third wrist elements; and gear sets that reduce speeds of rotation of the drive motors. The gear sets respectively include a driven-side large-diameter gear that rotates the second wrist element and a driven-side small-diameter gear that rotates the third wrist element, where the driven-side large-diameter gear and the driven-side small-diameter gear are coaxially arranged so as to be rotatable about the second axis. The small-diameter gear is fixed to a drive-side bevel gear that meshes with a driven-side bevel gear fixed to the third wrist element. The second wrist element includes a first housing that is fixed to the large-diameter gear; and a second housing rotatably supports the third wrist element.