Positioning assemblies for use with a robot include a gimbal assembly having a gimbal's rotational center is positioned directly above a center of gravity of a payload. One or more linear counter masses and/or one or more rotating masses (flywheels) can be provided, and each can include an actuator or brake to control forces acting between the counter masses and/or flywheels and the payload and stabilize the payload during and after movement of the payload with the robot.

A robotic leg includes a hip, a first pulley attached to the hip and defining a first axis of rotation, a first leg portion having a first end portion and a second end portion, a second pulley rotatably coupled to the second end portion of the first leg portion and defining a second axis of rotation, a second leg portion having a first end portion and a second end portion, and a timing belt trained about the first pulley and the second pulley for synchronizing rotation of the first leg portion about the first axis of rotation and rotation of the second leg portion about the second axis of rotation. The first end portion of the first leg portion is rotatably coupled to the hip and configured to rotate about the first axis of rotation. The first end portion of the second leg portion is fixedly attached to the second pulley.

A medical arm assembly according to an embodiment disclosed includes: a remote joint where a remote point is located; a positioning arm section configured to support the remote joint, move the remote joint that a position of the remote point relative to the reference point is changed only in the direction of a virtual reference straight-line through the reference point and the remote point, and fix the relative position of the remote point; an operating arm section connected to the remote joint and configured to fix a medical tool, rotate the tool about a remote rotation axis perpendicular to the reference straight-line and through the remote point, and move the tool in a direction perpendicular to the remote rotation axis and through the remote point; and an arm supporting section where the positioning arm section and the operating arm section are supported by connecting and the reference point is located.

A medical arm assembly according to embodiments disclosed includes: a remote joint where a remote point spaced forward from a reference point is located; a positioning arm section configured to support the remote joint, move the remote joint that a relative position of the remote point with respect to the reference point is changed in forward-and-rearward direction and upward-and-downward direction, and fix the relative position of the remote point with respect to the reference point; an operating arm section connected to the remote joint and configured to fix a surgery tool, rotate the surgery tool about a remote-rotation axis through the remote point in left-and-right direction, and move the surgery tool in a direction perpendicular to the remote rotation axis and through the remote point; and an arm supporting section where the positioning arm section and the operating arm section are supported by connecting and the reference point is located.

A robotic leg includes a hip, a first pulley attached to the hip and defining a first axis of rotation, a first leg portion having a first end portion and a second end portion, a second pulley rotatably coupled to the second end portion of the first leg portion and defining a second axis of rotation, a second leg portion having a first end portion and a second end portion, and a timing belt trained about the first pulley and the second pulley for synchronizing rotation of the first leg portion about the first axis of rotation and rotation of the second leg portion about the second axis of rotation. The first end portion of the first leg portion is rotatably coupled to the hip and configured to rotate about the first axis of rotation. The first end portion of the second leg portion is fixedly attached to the second pulley.

A method for operating a robot includes receiving a drive command to drive the robot across a work surface. The drive command includes a work mode command or a travel mode command. In response to receiving the work mode command, the method includes operating the robot in a work mode. In the work mode, the robot dynamically balances on a right drive wheel and a left drive wheel on the work surface, while keeping a non-drive wheel off of the work surface. In response to receiving the travel mode command, the method includes operating the robot in a travel mode. In the travel mode, the robot statically balances on the right drive wheel, the left drive wheel, and the non-drive wheel in contact with the work surface.

A medical arm assembly according to an embodiment disclosed includes: a remote joint where a remote point is located; a positioning arm section configured to support the remote joint, move the remote joint that a position of the remote point relative to the reference point is changed only in the direction of a virtual reference straight-line through the reference point and the remote point, and fix the relative position of the remote point; an operating arm section connected to the remote joint and configured to fix a medical tool, rotate the tool about a remote rotation axis perpendicular to the reference straight-line and through the remote point, and move the tool in a direction perpendicular to the remote rotation axis and through the remote point; and an arm supporting section where the positioning arm section and the operating arm section are supported by connecting and the reference point is located.

A surgical cart for supporting a robotic arm includes a vertically-extending support column, a carriage movably coupled to the support column and configured to carry a robotic arm, and a braking mechanism.

A medical stand may include a first link, a second link parallel to the first link, a third link connected between one end of the first link and one end of the second link, a fourth link parallel to the third link and connected between the other end of the first link and the other end of the second link, a mounting arm extending from the other end of the first link, a variable balancing arm connected to at least one of the second link or the third link, a counterweight provided at a distal end of the variable balancing arm, a detector detecting a displacement of at least one of the first link, the second link, the third link, or the fourth link, and a controller generating the control signal to adjust the center-of-gravity position of the variable balancing arm in accordance with the displacement detected by the detector.

A robotic arm end effector for a laser head coupled to a robotic arm is disclosed. The end effector has a coupler to couple the end effector to the robotic arm and a first actuator assembly coupled to the first coupler. The first actuator has a first drive coupled to the laser cutting head and configured to move the laser cutting head along a first path. The first drive is coupled to a first counter mass and being configured to move the first counter mass along a second path in a direction opposite the first direction. The end effector also has a second actuator assembly coupled to the coupler. The second actuator has a second drive coupled to the laser head which is configured to move the laser head along a third path in a third direction.