An apparatus for an electrochemical discharge machining process is provided. The apparatus includes a holder housing having, an inlet hole, an outlet hole, a first side, and a second side, and containing an electrolyte, a tool holder disposed at the first side, and a first electrode having a first end and a second end. The holder housing is configured to sealingly accommodate the electrolyte unless at least one of the inlet hole and the outlet hole is open. The first end is coupled to the tool holder and the second end passes through the second side. Since the apparatus is moved to a machining position of the work-piece by a worker, additional power for controlling the position thereof is not necessary. In addition, the apparatus is easy to carry and use because of its simple structure.

Methods of and devices for manufacturing a multi-layered microfluidic filter are disclosed. In one embodiment, method of manufacturing a multi-layered filter comprises providing a first molding plate that includes a plurality of apertures and is coupled to a flow stream source, applying from the flow stream source a first flow stream to pass through the plurality of apertures of the first molding plate, forming a first membrane layer comprising a first set of pores using the first molding plate and the first flow stream, controlling the first flow stream to generate a second flow stream from the first set of pores of the first membrane layer, and forming a second membrane layer comprising a second set of pores using the second flow stream and the first membrane layer.

Methods of and devices for manufacturing a multi-layered microfluidic filter are disclosed. In one embodiment, method of manufacturing a multi-layered filter comprises providing a first molding plate that includes a plurality of apertures and is coupled to a flow stream source, applying from the flow stream source a first flow stream to pass through the plurality of apertures of the first molding plate, forming a first membrane layer comprising a first set of pores using the first molding plate and the first flow stream, controlling the first flow stream to generate a second flow stream from the first set of pores of the first membrane layer, and forming a second membrane layer comprising a second set of pores using the second flow stream and the first membrane layer.